Quantum computing is based on the laws of quantum physics. Every computing system relies on the ability to manipulate and store bits (IBM). In contrast to
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Current encryption algorithms, such as RSA and ECC, are vulner-able to quantum attacks because these are based on mathematical problems that are computationally infeasible to a classical computer, yet solvable by a quantum computer. Beyond encryption, quantum computing may also strengthen the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI). Modern IDSs often utilize AI too, but with quantum computers facilitating rapid model optimization, AI-driven malware could exploit new vul-nerabilities and bypass evolving security measures [7]. Regardless of who wins the race, quantum computing will change the landscape of cybersecurity as the modern world works to leverage new technologies to improve security against these new threats. By creating a hybrid model that utilizes both classical and quantum computing, the role of AI in cybersecurity could lead to higher accuracy, adaptability, and robustness for threat detection systems. The potential of quantum computing to break modern encryp-tion algorithms is driving the evolution of blockchain security to-ward post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) solutions. The Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0 and Quantum Computing FAQ.
Step 1, labeled 'Quantum-readiness roadmap', includes a magnifying-glass icon and text that reads 'Assess systems relying on vulnerable cryptography.' Step 2, labeled 'Cryptographic inventory', features a list icon and text that reads 'Catalog algorithms, protocols, and keys to set migration priorities.' Step 3, labeled 'Cryptographic agility', displays a gear-and-arrows icon and text that reads 'Design systems to support algorithm swaps and PQC standards.' Step 4, labeled 'Hybrid cryptography', shows two linked rings and text that reads 'Run classical + quantum-resistant algorithms in parallel for continuity.' Step 5, labeled 'Operational rollout & coordination', uses a network-diagram icon and text that reads 'Align vendors, supply chains, and internal systems for transition.' The first four steps are rendered in gray and light blue, while the fifth step is highlighted in bright blue, indicating completion or progression.](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/cyberpedia/what-is-quantum-computings-threat-to-cybersecurity/Consequences-of-Delayed-Quantum-Readiness.png).
Quantum cryptography is a set of methods that uses the quirky — but well-understood — rules of quantum mechanics to securely encrypt, transmit and decode information. Quantum cryptography employs quantum devices, such as sensors capable of recording individual particles of light (photons), to protect data from an adversarial attack. ### **What are some of the challenges in employing quantum cryptography to securely transmit and receive data?**. For example, many quantum encryption systems encode information using photons. Researchers rely on quantum randomness to securely transmit information. The quantum-based method generates digital bits (1s and 0s) using photons and is part of an ongoing effort to enhance NIST’s public randomness beacon, which broadcasts random bits for applications such as secure computation involving computers at multiple locations on a network. ### **How can quantum cryptography secure the processing of our private data on remote computer networks?**. Scientists are working to use quantum cryptography to ensure the security of our data beyond simple communication.
# What is quantum cryptography? ## What is quantum cryptography? Discover emerging research in AI, quantum, hybrid cloud, and more from IBM’s experts with the monthly Future Forward newsletter. Quantum cryptography might be our only recourse for securing private data. ### Quantum Cryptography: The Future of Data Security Starts Now. Learn how IBM Z uses advanced quantum-safe cryptography to protect your data from emerging quantum threats. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the goal of post-quantum cryptography (PQC, also called quantum-resistant or quantum-safe) is to “develop cryptographic systems that are secure against both quantum and classical computers. Not to be confused with quantum cryptography, which relies on the natural laws of physics to produce secure cryptosystems, post-quantum cryptographic algorithms use different types of cryptography to create quantum-proof security. Quantum-safe security for IBM Z uses cryptographic methods to protect data from quantum computer threats. Bringing useful quantum computing to the world through Qiskit Runtime and IBM Quantum Safe.
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