In this paper, we describe a review concerning the Quantum Computing (QC) and Deep Learning (DL) areas and their applications in Computational Intelligence (CI)
Quantum Computing and Deep Learning together promise a powerful synergy to transform industries through advanced computational capabilities.
# Top Applications Of Quantum Computing for Machine Learning. Machine Learning has two roles within quantum computing. On the receiving side, quantum computers use classical machine learning to optimize hardware operations, control systems, and user interfaces. ## **What is Quantum Machine Learning?**. ## **Quantum Advantage in Machine Learning**. ## **Quantum Machine Learning Applications**. Quantum machine learning (QML) use cases overlap two other major classifications of quantum computing applications: quantum simulation and quantum optimization. And anywhere you find a classical neural network, is a potential application of quantum machine learning, as well:. # Top Applications Of Quantum Computing for Machine Learning. Machine Learning has two roles within quantum computing. ## **What is Quantum Machine Learning?**. ## **Quantum Advantage in Machine Learning**. ## **Quantum Machine Learning Applications**. Quantum machine learning (QML) use cases overlap two other major classifications of quantum computing applications: quantum simulation and quantum optimization. And anywhere you find a classical neural network, is a potential application of quantum machine learning, as well:.
Quantum computing uses quantum physics principles including superposition and entanglement to process data. Superposition is described by Equation (4). This
Quantum properties like superposition and entanglement could accelerate machine learning by handling vast, high-dimensional data more
A lot of people believe that quantum computers can prove to be a pivotal step in creating new machine learning and AI algorithms that can give a huge boost to
Quantum computers will drive AI to new heights, enabling better accuracy and therefore better performance, and scalable sustainable growth.
[Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.3.020332) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2022PRXQ....3b0332C) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Quantum%20lego%3A%20building%20quantum%20error%20correction%20codes%20from%20tensor%20networks&journal=PRX%20Quantum&doi=10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.3.020332&volume=3&publication_year=2022&author=Cao%2CC&author=Lackey%2CB). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.114.200501) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2015PhRvL.114t0501M) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=26047215) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Machine%20learning%20for%20discriminating%20quantum%20measurement%20trajectories%20and%20improving%20readout&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.114.200501&volume=114&publication_year=2015&author=Magesan%2CE&author=Gambetta%2CJM&author=C%C3%B3rcoles%2CAD&author=Chow%2CJM). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevApplied.17.014024) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2022PhRvP..17a4024L) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xjt1yrsbw%3D) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Deep-neural-network%20discrimination%20of%20multiplexed%20superconducting-qubit%20states&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Appl.&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevApplied.17.014024&volume=17&publication_year=2022&author=Lienhard%2CB). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevApplied.22.024011) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2024PhRvP..22b4011P) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXit1yhurrO) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Enhanced%20measurement%20of%20neutral-atom%20qubits%20with%20machine%20learning&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Appl.&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevApplied.22.024011&volume=22&publication_year=2024&author=Phuttitarn%2CL&author=Becker%2CB&author=Chinnarasu%2CR&author=Graham%2CT&author=Saffman%2CM). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1361-6455%2Faad62b) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2018JPhB...51q4006S) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Machine%20learning%20assisted%20readout%20of%20trapped-ion%20qubits&journal=J.%20Phys.%20B%20At.%20Mol.%20Opt.%20Phys.&doi=10.1088%2F1361-6455%2Faad62b&volume=51&publication_year=2018&author=Seif%2CA). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42254-023-00662-4) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20survey%20on%20the%20complexity%20of%20learning%20quantum%20states&journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Phys.&doi=10.1038%2Fs42254-023-00662-4&volume=6&pages=59-69&publication_year=2024&author=Anshu%2CA&author=Arunachalam%2CS). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-95562-x) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2021NatSR..1116203S) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvVWisLfM) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=34376730) [PubMed Central](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8355192) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Robust%20and%20fast%20post-processing%20of%20single-shot%20spin%20qubit%20detection%20events%20with%20a%20neural%20network&journal=Sci.%20Rep.&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-021-95562-x&volume=11&publication_year=2021&author=Struck%2CT). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41534-022-00621-4) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2022npjQI...8..115S) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Efficient%20quantum%20state%20tomography%20with%20convolutional%20neural%20networks&journal=NPJ%20Quantum%20Inf.&doi=10.1038%2Fs41534-022-00621-4&volume=8&publication_year=2022&author=Schmale%2CT&author=Reh%2CM&author=G%C3%A4rttner%2CM). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41534-021-00436-9) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2021npjQI...7..105Q) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Adaptive%20quantum%20state%20tomography%20with%20neural%20networks&journal=NPJ%20Quantum%20Inf.&doi=10.1038%2Fs41534-021-00436-9&volume=7&publication_year=2021&author=Quek%2CY&author=Fort%2CS&author=Ng%2CHK). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.133.120802) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2024PhRvL.133l0802C) [MathSciNet](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=4806889) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXhs1Wht74%3D) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=39373411) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Efficient%20characterization%20of%20qudit%20logical%20gates%20with%20gate%20set%20tomography%20using%20an%20error-free%20virtual%20z%20gate%20model&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.133.120802&volume=133&publication_year=2024&author=Cao%2CS). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.3.020335) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2022PRXQ....3b0335B) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20taxonomy%20of%20small%20markovian%20errors&journal=PRX%20Quantum&doi=10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.3.020335&volume=3&publication_year=2022&author=Blume-Kohout%2CR). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.4.010325) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2023PRXQ....4a0325B) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Compressive%20gate%20set%20tomography&journal=PRX%20Quantum&doi=10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.4.010325&volume=4&publication_year=2023&author=Brieger%2CR&author=Roth%2CI&author=Kliesch%2CM). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevA.98.062339) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2018PhRvA..98f2339B) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXkvFOlu7Y%3D) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Low-cost%20error%20mitigation%20by%20symmetry%20verification&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20A&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevA.98.062339&volume=98&publication_year=2018&author=Bonet-Monroig%2CX&author=Sagastizabal%2CR&author=Singh%2CM&author=O%E2%80%99Brien%2CTE). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.180501) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2019PhRvL.122r0501M) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhtFKls7fL) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=31144882) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Error-mitigated%20digital%20quantum%20simulation&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.122.180501&volume=122&publication_year=2019&author=McArdle%2CS&author=Yuan%2CX&author=Benjamin%2CS). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.119.180509) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2017PhRvL.119r0509T) [MathSciNet](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=3730724) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=29219599) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Error%20mitigation%20for%20short-depth%20quantum%20circuits&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.119.180509&volume=119&publication_year=2017&author=Temme%2CK&author=Bravyi%2CS&author=Gambetta%2CJM). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevA.95.042308) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2017PhRvA..95d2308M) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Hybrid%20quantum-classical%20hierarchy%20for%20mitigation%20of%20decoherence%20and%20determination%20of%20excited%20states&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20A&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevA.95.042308&volume=95&publication_year=2017&author=McClean%2CJR&author=Kimchi-Schwartz%2CME&author=Carter%2CJ&author=Jong%2CWA). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.2.040330) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2021PRXQ....2d0330S) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Learning-based%20quantum%20error%20mitigation&journal=PRX%20Quantum&doi=10.1103%2FPRXQuantum.2.040330&volume=2&publication_year=2021&author=Strikis%2CA&author=Qin%2CD&author=Chen%2CY&author=Benjamin%2CSC&author=Li%2CY). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.95.045005) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2023RvMP...95d5005C) [MathSciNet](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=4704107) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Quantum%20error%20mitigation&journal=Rev.%20Mod.%20Phys.&doi=10.1103%2FRevModPhys.95.045005&volume=95&publication_year=2023&author=Cai%2CZ). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41534-024-00878-x) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2024npjQI..10..105Z) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Data%20needs%20and%20challenges%20for%20quantum%20dot%20devices%20automation&journal=NPJ%20Quantum%20Inf.&doi=10.1038%2Fs41534-024-00878-x&volume=10&publication_year=2024&author=Zwolak%2CJP). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.17.5.315) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=1931PNAS...17..315K) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:STN:280:DC%2BD28zhslOlsQ%3D%3D) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16577368) [PubMed Central](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1076052) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Hamiltonian%20systems%20and%20transformation%20in%20hilbert%20space&journal=Proc.%20Natl.%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.17.5.315&volume=17&pages=315-318&publication_year=1931&author=Koopman%2CBO). [Article](https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/BF01011339) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=1980JSP....22..563B) [MathSciNet](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=574722) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20computer%20as%20a%20physical%20system%3A%20A%20microscopic%20quantum%20mechanical%20Hamiltonian%20model%20of%20computers%20as%20represented%20by%20Turing%20machines&journal=J.%20Stat.%20Phys.&doi=10.1007%2FBF01011339&volume=22&pages=563-591&publication_year=1980&author=Benioff%2CP). [Article](https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/BF01342185) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=1982JSP....29..515B) [MathSciNet](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=704586) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Quantum%20mechanical%20hamiltonian%20models%20of%20turing%20machines&journal=J.%20Stat.%20Phys.&doi=10.1007%2FBF01342185&volume=29&pages=515-546&publication_year=1982&author=Benioff%2CP). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.116.250501) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2016PhRvL.116y0501B) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=27391708) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Improved%20classical%20simulation%20of%20quantum%20circuits%20dominated%20by%20clifford%20gates&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.116.250501&volume=116&publication_year=2016&author=Bravyi%2CS&author=Gosset%2CD). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aag2302) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2017Sci...355..602C) [MathSciNet](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=3642415) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXit1Okur0%3D) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=28183973) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Solving%20the%20quantum%20many-body%20problem%20with%20artificial%20neural%20networks&journal=Science&doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aag2302&volume=355&pages=602-606&publication_year=2017&author=Carleo%2CG&author=Troyer%2CM). [Article](https://doi.org/10.21468%2FSciPostPhys.10.6.147) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2021ScPP...10..147B) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Learning%20the%20ground%20state%20of%20a%20non-stoquastic%20quantum%20hamiltonian%20in%20a%20rugged%20neural%20network%20landscape&journal=SciPost%20Phys.&doi=10.21468%2FSciPostPhys.10.6.147&volume=10&publication_year=2021&author=Bukov%2CM&author=Schmitt%2CM&author=Dupont%2CM). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevA.104.062404) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2021PhRvA.104f2404H) [MathSciNet](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=4359324) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhtVGls7o%3D) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Tomography%20of%20time-dependent%20quantum%20hamiltonians%20with%20machine%20learning&journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20A&doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevA.104.062404&volume=104&publication_year=2021&author=Han%2CC-D&author=Glaz%2CB&author=Haile%2CM&author=Lai%2CY-C). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05172-4) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2022Natur.610...47F) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisFygurfK) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=36198780) [PubMed Central](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9534758) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=Discovering%20faster%20matrix%20multiplication%20algorithms%20with%20reinforcement%20learning&journal=Nature&doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05172-4&volume=610&pages=47-53&publication_year=2022&author=Fawzi%2CA). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-91035-3) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2021NatSR..1113138X) [CAS](/articles/cas-redirect/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsF2hsLrP) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=34162898) [PubMed Central](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8222304) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20stochastic%20quantum%20program%20synthesis%20framework%20based%20on%20bayesian%20optimization&journal=Sci.%20Rep.&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-021-91035-3&volume=11&publication_year=2021&author=Xiao%2CY&author=Nazarian%2CS&author=Bogdan%2CP). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1367-2630%2F16%2F7%2F073017) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20strategy%20for%20quantum%20algorithm%20design%20assisted%20by%20machine%20learning&journal=N.%20J.%20Phys.&doi=10.1088%2F1367-2630%2F16%2F7%2F073017&volume=16&publication_year=2014&author=Bang%2CJ&author=Ryu%2CJ&author=Yoo%2CS&author=Paw%C5%82owski%2CM&author=Lee%2CJ). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-019-10988-2) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2019NatCo..10.3007G) [PubMed](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=31285433) [PubMed Central](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6614426) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=An%20adaptive%20variational%20algorithm%20for%20exact%20molecular%20simulations%20on%20a%20quantum%20computer&journal=Nat.%20Commun.&doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-019-10988-2&volume=10&publication_year=2019&author=Grimsley%2CHR&author=Economou%2CSE&author=Barnes%2CE&author=Mayhall%2CNJ). [Article](https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.5088412) [ADS](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&bibcode=2019ApPhL.114m3102T) [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=A%20machine%20learning%20approach%20for%20automated%20fine-tuning%20of%20semiconductor%20spin%20qubits&journal=Appl.%20Phys.%20Lett.&doi=10.1063%2F1.5088412&volume=114&publication_year=2019&author=Teske%2CJD).