[2] A concern of CCS is its economic feasibility at scale, especially when compared to other methods of carbon offset, such as reforestation/
Given the economics of carbon capture, it is not currently realistic to implement CCS on a wide scale. But if we look to renewables as an
CCS can play a significant role in mitigating CO₂ emissions. However, investment in CCS remains challenging due to high costs and uncertainties that affect
The PRC is one of the few countries that have included carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in their nationally determined contributions. The PRC
A techno-economic-based feasibility study, which took into consideration local power generation technologies and economic conditions, was performed.
* The **United States** announced important opportunities in 2023 that are expected to boost CCUS project development, including USD 1.7 billion for carbon capture demonstration projects and USD 1.2 billion for direct air capture (DAC) hubs under the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Close to ten large-scale (capture capacity over 100 000 tCO2/year, and over 1 000 tCO2/yr for DAC applications) capture facilities entered operation in 2023, including the Blue Flint ethanol project, Linde Clear Lake capture facility, and Heirloom and Global thermostat’s first 1,000 tCO2/yr facilities in the United States, and four projects in China (the Jiling Petrochemical CCUS facility, the CNOOC Enping oil field, the first phase of the Guanghui Energy CCUS integration project and the China Energy Taizhou power plant). The database covers all CCUS projects commissioned since the 1970s with an announced capacity of more than 100 000 t per year (or 1 000 t per year for direct air capture facilities) and a clear scope for reducing emissions.
For the formative phase, we project feasible CCS deployment (Gt yr−1) based on project plans and their failure rates; for the acceleration phase, the acceleration rate of reference technologies; and for the stable growth rate, we use the maximum growth rate at the inflection point of the S-curve normalized to the market size. To answer this question, we project a range of feasible 2040 CCS capacity values based on: (1) the feasible range of the 2030 capacity estimated in the previous section; and (2) feasible year-on-year growth rates in the acceleration phase in 2030–2040, derived from the reference cases of three policy-driven technologies—nuclear, wind and solar power—at similar levels of market penetration (Methods). ### Extended Data Fig. 3 Maximum growth rates of CCS capacity in the stable growth phase in 1.5°C- and 2°C-compatible IPCC AR6 pathways, compared to maximum growth rates of nuclear, wind and solar power.
Key Economic Factors Impacting Offshore CCU System Viability ARTICLE 8 The Innovation Energy 2(3): 100100, July 17, 2025 www.the-innovation.org/energy LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Definition CAPEX Capital expenditure OPEX Operational expenditure REV Revenue from CO2-derived products P&L Net profit after cost and tax TAX Tax burden and incentives EBITDA Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amorti-zation NPV Net present value IRR Internal rate of return PB Payback period Z Economic value considering profitability, commer-cialization, and risk CO2-V CO2 price volatility PROD-V Product price volatility ω Hazard weighting factor REG Regulatory and policy risk SCN Scenario-based analysis (e.g., time series, PQRA) ESG Environmental, social, and governance compliance P(Z ≥ z) Probability of meeting or exceeding target economic value REFERENCES Dimabuyu A.