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climate.gov
official
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/solar-radiation-m…
**Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) refers to deliberate, large-scale actions intended to decrease global average surface temperatures by increasing the reflection of sunlight away from the Earth.** Proposed SRM methods involve the use of aerosols (small particles) or other materials to increase the reflectivity of the atmosphere, clouds, or Earth’s surface. **Long-term protection of Earth’s climate and oceans requires substantial reductions in emissions and atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other GHGs. SRM is not considered a substitute for climate mitigation efforts, which include decarbonization and GHG emission cuts.** SRM research is being conducted as a response to growing concerns that the pace of CO2 emissions reductions and CDR technology development is not sufficient to avoid severe impacts of climate change in the next decades. **Many of the processes most important for understanding SRM approaches—such as those that control the formation of clouds and aerosols—are among the most uncertain components of the climate system.** Climate models differ in simulating large-scale aerosol climate effects, including on surface temperatures, due to variations in how aerosol processes, atmospheric transport and mixing, and physics are represented.
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science.org
article
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.128.3331.1059
... Climate Change and Countermeasures: Chances and Risks of Weather Modification Techniques and Climate Engineering (CE), The Impact of Climate Change on Our
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geoengineeringmonitor.org
article
https://www.geoengineeringmonitor.org/technologies/weather-modification
The most recent large-scale assessment of weather modification projects that aimed to enhance precipitation was carried out by the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) World Weather Research Programme Expert Team on Weather Modification. Although there are a significant number of Weather Modification projects globally, some on a large enough scale to pose numerous serious risks, these are distinct from unfounded chemtrails theories, for which there is very little real evidence. The most recent large-scale assessment of weather modification projects that aimed to enhance precipitation was carried out by the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) World Weather Research Programme Expert Team on Weather Modification. Although there are a significant number of Weather Modification projects globally, some on a large enough scale to pose numerous serious risks, these are distinct from unfounded chemtrails theories, for which there is very little real evidence. ## Updates on Weather Modifications and other Technologies (Quarterly #4, Part 3). ## Updates on Weather Modifications and other Technologies (Quarterly #4, Part 3).
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news.climate.columbia.edu
research
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2025/07/17/geoengineering-cloud-seeding/
# Need To Know: Geoengineering and Cloud Seeding. No comments on Need To Know: Geoengineering and Cloud Seeding. Techniques to deliberately alter Earth’s climate, such as geoengineering and cloud seeding, have been in the news following the devastating floods in Texas. Lamb, an associate research scientist in the Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering at Columbia University, introduces the science underlying geoengineering and weather modification and discusses their implications for future climate mitigation strategies. Another set of methods, referred to under the umbrella of Solar Radiation Management (SRM), aim to increase the reflection of sunlight from the Earth’s atmosphere in order to cool the Earth’s climate. The most studied of these methods is stratospheric aerosol injection, which proposes to put sulfate aerosols high up in the Earth’s atmosphere to cool the climate (this is similar to the cooling effect that is observed after a large volcanic eruption, such as Mount Pinatubo in 1991). atmospheric science, climate change, cloud seeding, geoengineering, Kara D.
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wmo.int
article
https://wmo.int/content/wmo-statement-weather-modification
Weather modification is the deliberate intervention in the Earth's atmosphere to influence local weather conditions, typically through techniques like cloud seeding. Although cloud seeding technologies for purposes like augmenting precipitation, reducing hail damage, and dispersing fog are still developing, recent research in wintertime glaciogenic orographic cloud seeding has shown significant progress, demonstrating an evidence-based causal relationship for this specific method. Improvements in observational facilities providing measurements of key variables and advanced numerical modelling capabilities now permit a more detailed examination of the cloud and precipitation processes and offer new opportunities for advancing the science and practice of weather modification. In most cases of inadvertent weather modification as opposed to cloud seeding experiments, it is difficult, if not impossible, to determine and differentiate the type of particles that participate in mesoscale and cloud processes unless long-term measurements are available. The scientific status of weather modification continues to advance, yet it still reflects our limitations of the detailed understanding of cloud dynamics and microphysics and precipitation formation.
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history.aip.org
article
https://history.aip.org/climate/RainMake.htm
American entrepreneurs tried cloud-seeding to enhance local rainfall, Russian scientists offered fabulous schemes of planetary engineering, and military agencies secretly explored "climatological warfare." The hopes and fears promoted basic research on climate change by raising large sums of government money and a few provocative ideas. Now when scientists discussed steps to melt arctic snows or the like, it was not to craft utopian weather, but with the aims implied in the title that Lamb gave a 1971 review article: "Climate-engineering schemes to meet a climatic emergency."(12) | | | Already back in 1965, a Presidential advisory panel had suggested that if greenhouse effect warming by carbon dioxide gas (CO2) ever became a problem, the government might take countervailing steps.
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nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov
official
https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/1965/nsb1265.pdf
Responsibility for Research, Development, and Operations The Commission recommends: (1) the assignment of the mission of de veloping and testing techniques for modifying weather and climate to a single agency in the Executive Branch of the Government—for example to the Environmental Science Services Administration of the Department of Commerce or to a completely new agency organized for the purpose; (2) the continuance and expansion of re search in the atmospheric sciences by the National Science Foundation, in cluding its program directed at pro viding a satisfactory scientific basis for weather and climate modification and the maintenance of the National Center for Atmospheric Research as a basic research facility for this pur pose; and (3) the conduct or support, pursuant to Executive Order 10521, of such basic and applied research by other Federal agencies as is required for their varied missions as well as the conduct of operational activities necessary for the accomplishment of such missions (e.g., precipitation aug mentation for the reservoir system of the Bureau of Reclamation; lightning suppression by the U.
A
ametsoc.org
article
https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/about-ams/ams-statements/archive-statements-of-th…
## Planned Weather Modification through Cloud Seeding. One tool available for mitigating some of these weather impacts is planned weather modification through cloud seeding. Planned weather modification programs benefit from a comprehensive understanding of the physical processes responsible for desired modification effects. Recent improvements in the composition and techniques for dispersion of seeding agents, observational technology, numerical cloud models, and in physical understanding of cloud processes permit ever more detailed design and targeting of planned weather modification effects, and more accurate specification of the range of anticipated responses. Rigorous attention to evaluation of both operational and research programs is needed to help develop more effective procedures and to improve understanding of the effects of cloud seeding. Weather modification techniques other than cloud seeding have been used in various areas of the world for short periods of time to achieve goals similar to those of cloud seeding. 1) Efforts should continue to improve understanding of the targeted cloud and precipitation processes in planned modification.