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geoengineering.global
article
https://geoengineering.global/climate-engineering/
Climate engineering methods that reduce the sunlight or shortwave radiation that hits the Earth (i.e. solar radiation management) include space-based sunshades and reflectors, stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening and increases in the albedo or reflectivity of areas of the Earth. These approaches include include space-based sunshades and reflectors, stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, land albedo enhancement and Earth radiation management (Ming et al., 2014). Of these climate engineering approaches, space-based sunshades and reflectors, stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening all, individually, have the potential to bring the average temperature of the Earth back to pre-industrial levels (Lenton and Vaughan, 2009). Marine cloud brightening is a climate engineering approach that aims to increase the albedo (reflectivity) of ocean clouds by seeding them with seawater aerosol (Latham et al., 2008). Ocean albedo modification is a solar radiation management climate engineering approach that aims to increase the reflectivity of the surface of the ocean.
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scu.edu
research
https://www.scu.edu/environmental-ethics/resources/a-brief-introduction-to-cl…
Climate engineering, according to Harvard’s Solar Geoengineering Program, is a broad category of technologies meant to alter the climate in order to reduce climate change. There are two main types of climate engineering: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management [1]. Technologies in this category attempt to change the atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide, which would “address the root cause of climate change — the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere” [2]. The other major form of climate engineering is solar radiation management (SRM), which consists of reflecting solar radiation (sunlight) away from the Earth’s surface in order to reduce the amount of energy in the atmosphere. “Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Its Implications for the Sustainable Development Goals.” University of Cambridge - Centre for Science and Policy, November 18, 2022. [9] Daisy Dunne, “Explainer: Six ideas to limit global warming with solar geoengineering,” *Carbon Brief: Clean on Climate*, 9 May 2018.
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sciencedirect.com
article
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221146451200036X
The methods considered included reforestation, ocean fertilization, albedo modification and removal of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons. Geoengineering as a
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carbonbrief.org
article
https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-six-ideas-to-limit-global-warming-with-…
However, research shows that using solar geoengineering could indirectly lower the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by stemming permafrost melt, reducing energy-sector emissions and causing changes to the carbon-cycle feedback. Aerosol injection could have an edge on other proposed forms of solar geoengineering because it would not require a large technological leap to become a reality, Jones says:. These brighter clouds would reflect away more sunlight, says Prof Douglas MacMartin, an engineering researcher from Cornell University, who contributed to the US House of Representatives’ hearing on geoengineering. Earlier this month, MacMartin, Keith and Prof Katharine Ricke, a climate scientist from the University of California, San Diego, published a research paper exploring how solar geoengineering – via releasing aerosols into the stratosphere – could be used as part of an “overall strategy” for limiting global warming to 1.5C, which is the aspirational target of the Paris Agreement. However, the researchers point out that using solar geoengineering to hold global warming to 1.5C would not have the same environmental effect as reaching the target using mitigation.
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genevaenvironmentnetwork.org
article
https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/climate-altering-t…
Climate-altering technologies and measures (CATM) – also sometimes referred to as climate or geo-engineering – refer to a broad set of methods and technologies that aim to deliberately alter the climate system in order to alleviate the impacts of climate change (IPCC, 2014). At the 2017 UN Climate Change Conference (COP23), experts expressed the need to discuss the governance of CATM, especially in relation to stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), due to the great uncertainties and potential side effects of these measures (UN News, 2017). These include the UNEP Independent Expert Review on solar radiation modification research and deployment, the report of the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee on the impact of new technologies for climate protection on the enjoyment of human rights (A/HRC/54/47), the UN Convention on Biological Diversity on certain restrictions on solar insolation activities that may affect biodiversity (CBD/DEC/X/33/8w), and mentions of SRM in reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
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geoengineeringmonitor.org
article
https://www.geoengineeringmonitor.org/what-is-geoengineering
Geoengineering refers to large-scale interventions in the Earth’s oceans, soils and atmosphere with the aim of reducing the effects of climate change, usually temporarily. The two main categories of proposed geoengineering techniques are:. * **Solar Radiation Modification (SRM):** SRM techniques, which are also referred to as solar geoengineering, attempt to deal with the symptoms of climate change by reflecting sunlight away from the Earth or allowing more heat back into space. In addition, various **weather modification** techniques exist, such as cloud seeding, which aim to change weather and precipitation patterns without changing the climate more broadly. Climate engineering proposals represent efforts to manipulate the climate on a global scale, but each proposed technique brings its own environmental and social impacts. While geoengineering techniques and technologies vary in scope and scale (see: Technologies), **a few important characteristics apply to all of them**:. * See our geoengineering technologies page for specifics on the different schemes.
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science.org
article
https://www.science.org/content/article/geoengineering-fight-climate-change-i…
Researchers have proposed various methods to curb the effects of climate change by reflecting sunlight away from the planet. Stratospheric
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salatainstitute.harvard.edu
research
https://salatainstitute.harvard.edu/research-initiatives/the-harvard-solar-ge…
The Harvard Solar Geoengineering Research Program (SGRP) aims to reduce uncertainties surrounding solar geoengineering; generate critical science, technology, and policy insights; and help inform the public debate surrounding this controversial idea. Recognizing that solar geoengineering could not be a replacement for reducing emissions or adapting to climate impacts, SGRP draws on Harvard’s research capabilities and global convening power to provide the knowledge necessary in considering solar geoengineering as a supplement to broader mitigation and adaptation efforts. The Harvard Solar Geoengineering Research Program (SGRP) aims to reduce uncertainties surrounding solar geoengineering; generate critical science, technology, and policy insights; and help inform the public debate surrounding this controversial idea. Recognizing that solar geoengineering could not be a replacement for reducing emissions or adapting to climate impacts, SGRP draws on Harvard’s research capabilities and global convening power to provide the knowledge necessary in considering solar geoengineering as a supplement to broader mitigation and adaptation efforts. * In 1980, Professor Tom Schelling chaired a National Academy of Sciences committee whose report, *Changing Climate*, addressed the potential for solar geoengineering to counter global warming.