The Federal Government will transition its infrastructure to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) and buildings, powered by carbon pollution-free electricity (CFE).
**The global pathway to net zero emissions by 2050 detailed in this report requires all governments to significantly strengthen and then successfully implement their energy and climate policies.** Commitments made to date fall far short of what is required by that pathway. **In this Summary for Policy Makers, we outline the essential conditions for the global energy sector to reach net zero CO****2** **emissions by 2050.** The pathway described in depth in this report achieves this objective with no offsets from outside the energy sector, and with low reliance on negative emissions technologies. **The path to net zero emissions is narrow: staying on it requires immediate and massive deployment of all available clean and efficient energy technologies.** In the net zero emissions pathway presented in this report, the world economy in 2030 is some 40% larger than today but uses 7% less energy. The transition to net zero brings substantial new opportunities for employment, with 14 million jobs created by 2030 in our pathway thanks to new activities and investment in clean energy.
In the two net-zero scenarios, positive emissions from energy and industrial processes decline to around 1200 Mt CO2 by 2050 in most models, with a few
liquefied natural gas liquefied petroleum gas minimum energy performance standards Nationally Determined Contributions Nuclear Energy Agency (an agency within the OECD) natural gas liquids natural gas vehicle national oil company nitrogen oxides nitrous oxide Net‐Zero Emissions Scenario Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles passenger light‐duty vehicle particulate matter fine particulate matter purchasing power parity photovoltaics research and development research, development and demonstration sustainable aviation fuel Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations) sulphur dioxide IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre‐industrial levels Stated Policies Scenario transmission and distribution total energy supply total final consumption total final energy consumption total primary energy demand unit energy consumption United Nations United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Kingdom United States variable renewable energy.
The Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) 37 study on deep decarbonization and high electrification analyzed a set of scenarios that achieve economy-wide net-zero carbon
216 International Energy Agency | Special Report LNG LPG MEPS NDCs NEA NGLs NGV NOC NOX N2O NZE OECD OPEC PHEV PLDV PM PM2.5 PPP PV R&D RD&D SAF SDG SO2 SR1.5 STEPS T&D TES TFC TFEC TPED UEC UN UNDP UNEP UNFCCC UK US VRE WEO WHO ZEV liquefied natural gas liquefied petroleum gas minimum energy performance standards Nationally Determined Contributions Nuclear Energy Agency (an agency within the OECD) natural gas liquids natural gas vehicle national oil company nitrogen oxides nitrous oxide Net‐Zero Emissions Scenario Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles passenger light‐duty vehicle particulate matter fine particulate matter purchasing power parity photovoltaics research and development research, development and demonstration sustainable aviation fuel Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations) sulphur dioxide IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre‐industrial levels Stated Policies Scenario transmission and distribution total energy supply total final consumption total final energy consumption total primary energy demand unit energy consumption United Nations United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Kingdom United States variable renewable energy World Energy Outlook World Health Organization Zero‐emissions vehicle Annex D | References 217 Annex D References Chapter 1: Announced net zero pledges and the energy sector climatewatchdata (2021), https://www.climatewatchdata.org/ndc‐overview.
To keep global warming to no more than 1.5°C – as called for in the [Paris Agreement](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement) – emissions need to be reduced by 45% by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050. To develop stronger and clearer standards for net-zero emissions pledges by non-State entities such as businesses, investors, cities and regions, and speed up their implementation, UN Secretary-General António Guterres in March 2022 established a [High-Level Expert Group](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/high-level-expert-group) on the Net-Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities. To keep global warming to no more than 1.5°C – as called for in the [Paris Agreement](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement) – emissions need to be reduced by 55 per cent by 2035 and reach net zero by 2050. Getting to net zero requires all governments – first and foremost the biggest emitters – to significantly strengthen their [Nationally Determined Contributions](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/all-about-ndcs) (NDCs) and take bold, immediate steps towards reducing emissions now. ### [Strengthening the standards for net-zero pledges](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/high-level-expert-group). * [Explaining net zero](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition). * [Checklists for credibility of net-zero pledges](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/implementing-high-level-expert-group-report).
The analysis shows that achieving a 2°C warming limit would require US$4.3 trillion in annual investment between 2025-2060 and reaching net zero