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S
sciencedirect.com
article
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/fusion-reactor
Fusion–fission hybrid reactor is aiming to combine the neutron-rich characteristics of fusion reactor with the energy-rich characteristics of fission reactor, which is a subcritical nuclear reactor consisting of a fusion core surrounded by fission blankets. Many concepts of hybrid reactors using fusion neutrons to transmute nuclear wastes and breed fissile nuclides have been developed since the advent of controllable nuclear fusion. Fusion-driven subcritical system for spent fuel burning (FDS-SFB) is a hybrid reactor concept based on FDS-I and used for nuclear waste transmutation, fissile fuel breeding, and energy production. In 1974, LLNL and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) jointly designed a hybrid reactor using the standard mirror fusion reactor with a gas-cooled blanket to produce energy. In 2009, LLNL proposed a hybrid reactor with laser ICF core to produce energy and burn nuclear waste, called laser inertial fusion engine (LIFE). The high energy neutrons from a fusion reactor can be used to cause fission in fertile subcritical blanket which can contain either 238U or 232Th which in turn produces fissile Plutonium or 233U.
I
innovationnewsnetwork.com
news
https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/breakthrough-in-fusion-reactors-speeds-…
Researchers from The University of Texas at Austin, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Type One Energy Group have unveiled a revolutionary method for designing fusion reactors faster and more accurately – a breakthrough that could transform how clean, limitless energy is developed and delivered. By solving a key bottleneck in magnetic confinement, the new technique enables engineers to design more efficient fusion reactors – particularly stellarators – at a pace previously thought impossible. Magnetic fusion reactors, like stellarators and tokamaks, use intricate magnetic fields to trap these high-energy particles. Yet even in the most advanced fusion reactor designs, tiny imperfections in the magnetic field allow particles to escape – a critical failure that makes the plasma cool too quickly, shutting down the reaction. While this innovation primarily benefits stellarator designs — a type of fusion reactor known for its complex magnetic geometry — it also applies to tokamaks. ### EU nuclear energy plan commits €330M to fusion power and reactor research.
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ga.com
research
https://www.ga.com/us-researchers-design-compact-fusion-power-plant
The Compact Advanced Tokamak (CAT) concept, developed by DIII-D, represents a compact, economical solution for fusion energy leveraging the latest plasma physics simulation codes and advanced technologies such as high-temperature superconductors. In the past few months, both the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) released reports calling for aggressive development of fusion energy in the U.S. Now, scientists at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility have released a new design for a compact fusion reactor that can generate electricity and help define the technology necessary for commercial fusion power. A fusion power plant uses magnetic fields to hold a ball of current-carrying hot gas, called a plasma, to make a miniature sun that generates energy through nuclear fusion. “On the way to a fusion power plant, there are still a variety of design options to be considered,” said Professor Hartmut Zohm, a leading scientist on fusion energy development with the Max-Planck-Institute of Plasma Physics in Germany, who was not involved in the design.
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scientificamerican.com
article
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-three-fusion-reactor-designs-c…
Illustrated cross section of a traditional doughnut-shaped tokamak fusion reactor. Tokamaks, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in France, use electromagnetic fields to confine plasma and heat it to the temperatures and densities necessary to ignite fusion. Illustrated cutaway of a traditional doughnut-shaped tokamak fusion reactor. Illustrated cutaway of a traditional doughnut-shaped tokamak fusion reactor. Illustrated cutaway of the tokamak fusion reactor with particles spinning around the central solenoid. Illustrated cutaway of the tokamak fusion reactor with plasma spinning around the central solenoid. *5* • As the temperature rises, the density and energy within the plasma increase, causing particles to collide and initiate fusion. Illustrated cutaway of the tokamak fusion reactor with plasma spinning around the central solenoid. Illustrated cross section of a tokamak fusion reactor with plasma circulating around the central solenoid. All tokamaks confine the plasma using a central electric current that can make fusion reactions difficult to maintain**.
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reddit.com
article
https://www.reddit.com/r/fusion/comments/165r6gc/do_we_know_how_to_build_a_us…
So shouldn't it be able, using simulations, to design a fusion reactor that is useful (e.g. runs for a long time while outputting more energy
E
en.wikipedia.org
article
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power
[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#bodyContent). * [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#). * [1 Terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Terminology). * [2 Background](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Background)Toggle Background subsection. * [2.1 Mechanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Mechanism). * [2.5 Energy capture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Energy_capture). * [3 Plasma behavior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Plasma_behavior). * [4.1 Magnetic confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_confinement). * [4.2 Inertial confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Inertial_confinement). * [4.5 Other thermonuclear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Other_thermonuclear). * [5.2 Heating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Heating). * [5.3 Measurement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Measurement). * [5.5 Confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Confinement). * [5.5.1 Magnetic confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_confinement_2). * [5.5.1.1 Magnetic mirror](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_mirror). * [5.5.1.2 Magnetic loops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_loops). * [5.5.2 Inertial confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Inertial_confinement_2). * [6.2 Deuterium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Deuterium). * [11 Regulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Regulation). * [15.3 First tokamak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#First_tokamak). * [15.5 1980s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#1980s). * [15.6 1990s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#1990s). * [15.7 2000s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#2000s). * [15.8 2010s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#2010s). * [15.9 2020s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#2020s). * [17 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#See_also). * [18 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#References). * [19 Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Bibliography). * [20 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Further_reading). * [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power "View the content page [alt-c]"). * [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power). * [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power). This can reject an externally applied magnetic field, making it diamagnetic.[[19]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-19). It is the world's largest stellarator.[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-22). Up to 45% of the magnetic field energy can heat the ions.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-64)[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-65). * Magnetic oscillations: varying electric currents can be supplied to magnetic coils that heat plasma confined within a magnetic wall.[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-66). [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power?action=edit).
W
world-nuclear.org
article
https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/n…
In the USA, at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, where the first stellarators were built in 1951, construction on the NCSX stellerator was abandoned in 2008 due to cost overruns and lack of funding[2](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power#References "See Reference 2")[](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power). In the USA, the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) operated at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) from 1982 to 1997.[d](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power#Notes "See Note d")[](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power) In December 1993, TFTR became the first magnetic fusion device to perform extensive experiments with plasmas composed of D-T. Using its 192 laser beams, NIF is able to deliver more than 60 times the energy of any previous laser system to its target[e](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power#Notes "See Note e")[](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power). d. The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has a webpage on TFTR[[Back](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power#d "Back")]. 1. Fusion Research: An Energy Option for Europe's Future, Directorate-General for Research, European Commission, 2007 (ISBN: 9279005138) [[Back](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power#Notes_of_b "Back")]. 4. LIFE: Clean Energy from Nuclear Waste page on Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory website (www.llnl.gov) [[Back](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-fusion-power#4 "Back")].
Y
youtube.com
video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7hw0aC1BbI
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