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pnnl.gov
official
https://www.pnnl.gov/news-media/fertilizing-ocean-store-carbon-dioxide
## Fertilizing the Ocean to Store Carbon Dioxide. *Iron-based fertilizer, engineered into nanoparticles, could help store excess carbon dioxide in the ocean*. *Seeding the oceans with nano-scale fertilizers could create a much-needed, substantial carbon sink.*. The urgent need to remove excess carbon dioxide from Earth’s environment could include enlisting some of our planet’s smallest inhabitants, according to an international research team led by Michael Hochella of the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hochella and his colleagues examined the scientific evidence for seeding the oceans with iron-rich engineered fertilizer particles near ocean plankton. We can learn to fertilize the oceans responsibly.”. In nature, nutrients from the land reach oceans through rivers and blowing dust to fertilize plankton. The research team proposes moving this natural process one step further to help remove excess CO2 through the ocean. They studied evidence that suggests adding specific combinations of carefully engineered materials could effectively fertilize the oceans, encouraging phytoplankton to act as a carbon sink.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
official
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580042/
Ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (ocean CDR) via nutrient fertilization refers to the addition of micronutrients (e.g., iron [Fe]) and/or macronutrients
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scholarship.law.columbia.edu
research
https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/3637/
by K Silverman-Roati · 2022 · Cited by 8 — This paper focuses on ocean fertilization, which involves adding iron or other nutrients to the ocean to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that uptake
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drawdown.org
article
https://drawdown.org/explorer/deploy-ocean-fertilization
Ocean fertilization uses nutrients to enhance photosynthesis by marine phytoplankton, which remove CO₂ and convert it into biomass that can
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congress.gov
official
https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R47172
Ocean fertilization could enhance atmospheric CO2 removal by increasing biological productivity, namely by stimulating the growth of
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whoi.edu
research
https://www.whoi.edu/ocean-learning-hub/ocean-topics/climate-weather/ocean-ba…
Iron fertilization is a Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technique that would artificially add iron to the ocean’s surface to stimulate growth of phytoplankton. When the plume of dust or ash settles over the ocean’s surface, it triggers massive blooms of phytoplankton that remove substantial amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Iron fertilization is a Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technique that would mimic this natural system, artificially adding iron to the ocean’s surface to stimulate growth of phytoplankton. If relatively small amounts of iron can be added to the ocean’s surface to effectively remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, iron fertilization has the potential to play a pivotal role in reducing additional impacts associated with climate change. Until experiments are done to test these potential outcomes and determine how much carbon can be sequestered in the ocean depths, iron fertilization should not be put to use as a method of slowing climate change. ### Fertilizing the Ocean with Iron.
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naturetechcollective.org
article
https://www.naturetechcollective.org/stories/ocean-iron-fertilization-a-promi…
# Ocean Iron Fertilization: A Promising Path for Carbon Removal? As a marine radiochemist and the director of the non-profit Exploring Ocean Iron Solutions (ExOIS), Dr. Buesseler shared insights on how adding small amounts of iron to the ocean could amplify its natural ability to store carbon, the potential impacts on marine ecosystems, and the path toward responsible research. When scientists compared different climate models' predictions of natural carbon flux in the ocean, the estimates ranged from 5 to 12 billion tons per year. Every marine carbon dioxide removal approach, whether it involves adding minerals, growing seaweed, or fertilizing with iron, will change ocean conditions. We need roughly 5 to 10 billion tons per year of carbon dioxide removal alongside dramatic emissions reductions to address climate change. Ocean iron fertilization might contribute 1 to 2 billion tons annually if deployed widely, though much more research is needed to confirm these estimates and assess full-scale impacts.
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dosi-project.org
article
https://www.dosi-project.org/wp-content/uploads/Ocean-Fertilization-Policy-Br…
DEEP-OCEAN STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE Fig. 1 Elements of the biological pump (Fig. 1 From McClain (2010) American Scientist) Deep Ocean Climate Intervention Impacts Deep Ocean Climate Intervention Impacts Ocean Fertilization Key Points DECEMBER 2021 Policy Brief Page 2 DOSI Scaling and Effectiveness The subarctic Northern Pacific, Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Southern Ocean are high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions where iron scarcity limits phytoplankton growth, and thus have been proposed for OIF (Yoon et al., 2018, GESAMP, 2019). The alteration of natural phytoplankton communities may result in changes in the seasonality of particulate organic carbon flux to the deep-sea floor (benthic-pelagic coupling) and in compositions of phytoplankton species in the marine snow, potentially impacting deep-sea benthic communities that rely on food from the ocean surface (Billet et al., 1983; Gooday, 1988; Graf, 1989; Ruhl and Smith, 2004; Nomaki et al., 2021).