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link.springer.com article

Fusion energy: a sustainable pathway to meeting future global energy demands | Discover Sustainability | Springer Nature Link

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43621-025-00906-6

The global energy landscape is increasingly challenged by rising demands and the urgent need for sustainable solutions, highlighting the importance of exploring alternative energy sources like fusion. This study reviews recent advancements in fusion technology, demonstrating its potential to provide a clean, virtually limitless energy source while addressing significant environmental concerns and contributing to global carbon reduction goals. Fusion technology can conserve more energy than both fossil fuels and renewable sources. This review paper examines the advancements in fusion energy research and the challenges facing its potential as a global energy source. A significant challenge in fusion energy research is achieving the “breakeven” point, where the energy generated from fusion reactions equals or surpasses the energy input required to sustain them [19:1851–64. Global fusion research receives support from initiatives like the EU’s Horizon 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy’s ARPA-E, and private investments from companies like CFS and TAE Technologies [33:1–15.

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news.mit.edu research

Study: Fusion energy could play a major role in the global response to climate change | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

https://news.mit.edu/2024/fusion-energy-could-play-major-role-global-response…

What is the potential role and value of fusion power plants (FPPs) in such a future electric power system — a system that is not only free of carbon emissions but also capable of meeting the dramatically increased global electricity demand expected in the coming decades? The value of having FPPs available on an electric grid will depend on what other options are available, so to perform their analyses, the researchers needed estimates of the future cost and performance of those options, including conventional fossil fuel generators, nuclear fission power plants, VRE generators, and energy storage technologies, as well as electricity demand for specific regions of the world. And for companies developing fusion technologies, the study’s message is clearly stated in the report: “If the cost and performance targets identified in this report can be achieved, our analysis shows that fusion energy can play a major role in meeting future electricity needs and achieving global net-zero carbon goals.”.

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nsf.gov official

Fusion energy: Pathway to abundant power

https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters/fusion-energy-pathway-abundant-power

[Skip to main content](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters/fusion-energy-pathway-abundant-power#content-wrap)[Skip to feedback form](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters/fusion-energy-pathway-abundant-power#fba-button). * [Research Experiences for Undergraduates](https://www.nsf.gov/funding/initiatives/reu). * [For Everyone](https://www.nsf.gov/funding/getting-started). * [For Undergraduates](https://www.nsf.gov/funding/undergraduates). * [For Industry](https://www.nsf.gov/funding/industry). * [Biotechnology](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/biotechnology). * [Quantum](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/quantum). * [STEM Workforce](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/workforce). * [Biology](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/biology). * [Chemistry](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/chemistry). * [Computing](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/computing). * [Earth and Environment](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/earth-environment). * [Education and Training](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/education). * [Engineering](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/engineering). * [Materials Research](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/materials). * [Mathematics](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/mathematics). * [Physics](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/physics). * [Research Partnerships](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/research-partnerships). * [Technology](https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/technology). * [Science Matters Blog](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters). * [About NSF](https://www.nsf.gov/about). * [Contact Us](https://www.nsf.gov/about/contact-us). * [Biological Sciences (BIO)](https://www.nsf.gov/bio). * [Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE)](https://www.nsf.gov/cise). * [National Science Board (NSB)](https://www.nsf.gov/nsb/). 1. [Home](https://www.nsf.gov/). 2. [Science Matters](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters). [View image credit & caption](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters/fusion-energy-pathway-abundant-power#image-caption-credit-block). [America's Seed Fund](https://seedfund.nsf.gov/), powered by the U.S. National Science Foundation, is driving innovation in the growing fusion private sector. [Top](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters/fusion-energy-pathway-abundant-power#). ![Image 15: collage of imagery including two scientists, a small motherboard chip, and close up of black hole](https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/media_hub/Fusion_Energy_Impact_Stories_Page_Hero_Image_1920x1080.jpg?VersionId=p5dQYWyZpHrxCcvIsvHBMmqoAAswUowU&itok=WvamElZy). * [About NSF](https://www.nsf.gov/about). * [Careers](https://www.nsf.gov/careers). * [National Science Board](https://www.nsf.gov/nsb). * [Contact Us](https://www.nsf.gov/about/contact-us). * [Events](https://www.nsf.gov/events). * [Science Matters Blog](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters). * [Congress](https://www.nsf.gov/about/congress). * [Panelists](https://www.nsf.gov/about/meetings). * [Research Security](https://www.nsf.gov/research-security). * [Accessibility](https://www.nsf.gov/policies/accessibility). [More…](https://www.nsf.gov/science-matters/fusion-energy-pathway-abundant-power#addtoany "Show all").

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iter.org article

Advantages of fusion

https://www.iter.org/fusion-energy/advantages-fusion

**CLICK HERE** to register for the 3rd Public-Private Fusion Workshop at ITER (28-29 April 2026). # Advantages of fusion. **Millions of years**: Fusion in ITER will require two elements: deuterium and tritium. (Terrestrial reserves of lithium would permit the operation of fusion power plants for more than 1,000 years, while sea-based reserves of lithium, used in a fusion reactor in its Li-6 isotope form, would fulfil needs for millions of years.) A critical challenge is how to breed and recover tritium reliably in a fusion device. (Radioactive tritium is neither a fissile nor a fissionable material.) There are no enriched materials in a fusion reactor like ITER that could be exploited to make nuclear weapons. As a new source of carbon-free baseload electricity, producing no long-lived radioactive waste, fusion could make a positive contribution to the challenges of resource availability, reduced carbon emissions, and fission waste disposal and safety issues. ### What is Fusion? ITER is charting new territory in fusion research.

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en.wikipedia.org article

Fusion power

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power

[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#bodyContent). * [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#). * [1 Terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Terminology). * [2 Background](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Background)Toggle Background subsection. * [2.1 Mechanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Mechanism). * [2.5 Energy capture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Energy_capture). * [3 Plasma behavior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Plasma_behavior). * [4.1 Magnetic confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_confinement). * [4.2 Inertial confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Inertial_confinement). * [4.5 Other thermonuclear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Other_thermonuclear). * [5.2 Heating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Heating). * [5.3 Measurement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Measurement). * [5.5 Confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Confinement). * [5.5.1 Magnetic confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_confinement_2). * [5.5.1.1 Magnetic mirror](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_mirror). * [5.5.1.2 Magnetic loops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Magnetic_loops). * [5.5.2 Inertial confinement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Inertial_confinement_2). * [6.2 Deuterium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Deuterium). * [11 Regulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Regulation). * [15.3 First tokamak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#First_tokamak). * [15.5 1980s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#1980s). * [15.6 1990s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#1990s). * [15.7 2000s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#2000s). * [15.8 2010s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#2010s). * [15.9 2020s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#2020s). * [17 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#See_also). * [18 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#References). * [19 Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Bibliography). * [20 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#Further_reading). * [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power "View the content page [alt-c]"). * [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power). * [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power). This can reject an externally applied magnetic field, making it diamagnetic.[[19]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-19). It is the world's largest stellarator.[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-22). Up to 45% of the magnetic field energy can heat the ions.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-64)[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-65). * Magnetic oscillations: varying electric currents can be supplied to magnetic coils that heat plasma confined within a magnetic wall.[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power#cite_note-66). [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power?action=edit).

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