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wri.org article

6 Ways to Remove Carbon Pollution from the Atmosphere

https://www.wri.org/insights/6-ways-remove-carbon-pollution-sky

Carbon removal strategies include familiar approaches like growing trees as well as more novel technologies like direct air capture, which scrubs CO2 from the air after which it can be sequestered underground. **The latest** **climate model scenarios** **show that in addition to substantial and rapid emissions reductions, large-scale carbon removal will be needed to keep temperature rise to 1.5 degrees C.** The amount of carbon removal ultimately needed will depend on how quickly we reduce emissions in the near term as well as the magnitude and duration of any increase above 1.5 degrees C, known as overshoot. Some management approaches that can increase carbon removal by trees and forests include:. Cost estimates for DAC with sequestration vary: voluntary purchases of carbon removal credits from direct air capture range from $100 to more than $2,000 per metric ton of CO2 depending on the technology, energy source, use of policy incentives, and other factors.

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en.wikipedia.org article

Carbon dioxide removal - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal

Land-based methods include afforestation, reforestation, agricultural practices that sequester carbon in soils (carbon farming), bioenergy with carbon capture

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energy.mit.edu research

Technologies to remove carbon dioxide from the air: A reality check

https://energy.mit.edu/news/technologies-to-remove-carbon-dioxide-from-the-ai…

In the MITEI researchers’ opinion, “that may be more wishful thinking than reality.” The heat source would need to be within a few miles of the DAC plant for transporting the heat to be economical; given its high capital cost, the DAC plant would need to run nonstop, requiring constant heat delivery; and heat at the temperature required by the DAC plant would have competing uses, for example, for heating buildings. In their paper, the MITEI team calls DAC a “very seductive concept.” Using DAC to suck CO2 out of the air and generate high-quality carbon-removal credits can offset reduction requirements for industries that have hard-to-abate emissions. The researchers recognize that there is room for energy efficiency improvements in the future, but DAC units will always be subject to higher work requirements than CCS applied to power plant or industrial flue gases, and there is not a clear pathway to reducing work requirements much below the levels of current DAC technologies.

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iata.org article

[PDF] Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Technologies - IATA

https://www.iata.org/globalassets/iata/publications/sustainability/carbon-dio…

Table 2: Summary of other CDR technologies Technology TRL Cost Type of storage Durability in years1 Co-benefits Risks CBC 9 Low to Moderate Soil and vegetation 10s to 100s High High Ocean fertilization 4 High Marine sediment 100s to 1000s Moderate High 41 https://verra.org/methodologies/vm0044-methodology-for-biochar-utilization-in-soil-and-non-soil-applications/ 16 Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Technologies AU/AD 4 High Marine sediment 100s to 1000s Low High OAE 6 High Dissolved minerals in water bodies 10,000 + Moderate High DOCCS 6 High Geological storage 10,000 + Moderate Moderate Note: CBC = Coastal Blue Carbon, AU/AD = Artificial Upwelling/Artificial Downwelling, OAE = Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, DOCCS = Direct Ocean Capture and Storage 4.1.

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energy.gov official

DOE Explains...Direct Air Capture - Department of Energy

https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsdirect-air-capture

# DOE Explains...Direct Air Capture. The Department of Energy’s Regional Direct Air Capture Hubs program will develop four domestic direct air capture hubs to demonstrate a direct air capture technology or suite of technologies at a commercial scale. The Department of Energy’s Regional Direct Air Capture Hubs program will develop four domestic direct air capture hubs to demonstrate a direct air capture technology or suite of technologies at a commercial scale. **Direct air capture** technology is a form of carbon dioxide (CO2) removal that takes CO2 from ambient, or still, air. ## DOE Office of Science: Contributions to Direct Air Capture. DOE supports direct air capture research, development, and demonstration through the Offices of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management and Clean Energy Demonstrations and the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy. DOE also supports research on direct air capture through the Office of Science Basic Energy Sciences (BES) and Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs.

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climate.gov official

Carbon dioxide removal: NOAA State of the Science factsheet

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/carbon-dioxide-re…

**In addition to steep reductions of GHG emissions, the IPCC 6th Assessment Report (AR6) considers CDR to be a necessary component of successful strategies for limiting global warming to 1.5–2°C.** *The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal report* (2nd Edition, 2024) estimates that 7–9 gigatonnes (Gt) CO2 removal will be required each year by 2050 to achieve the climate targets of the Paris Agreement. Other land-based CDR approaches include **accelerated weathering** of natural carbonate and silicate rocks, methods for increasing soil carbon uptake (e.g., agricultural sequestration), and storage in above- ground biomass (e.g., **reforestation/afforestation**). **Existing programs and activities in global carbon cycle, marine ecosystem, and climate research are essential for informing CDR research, and include: NOAA’s global to coastal observing networks and data assimilation, NOAA’s Earth system and regional ocean modeling, and NOAA’s ecosystem research.** NOAA’s existing and innovative assets can inform evidence-based decisions on implementation of CDR techniques by federal and state agencies, the private sector, and nonprofit organizations.

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