The document discusses the basic parts and design of hydroelectric power plants including dams, reservoirs, turbines, generators and other components.
The document outlines the components and design considerations of a hydro power plant, including reservoir capacity, flow rates, and water management.
BROWN Colonel, Corps of Engineers Chief of Staff CECW-EP Manual No. 1110-2-3006 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 EM 1110-2-3006 30 June 1994 Engineering and Design HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS ELECTRICAL DESIGN Table of Contents Subject Paragraph Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose 1-1 Applicability 1-2 References 1-3 Scope 1-4 Codes 1-5 Criteria 1-6 Hydroelectric Design Center 1-7 Chapter 2 Basic Switching Provisions One-Line Diagrams 2-1 Plant Scope 2-2 Unit Switching Arrangements 2-3 Substation Arrangements 2-4 Fault Current Calculations 2-5 Chapter 3 Generators General 3-1 Electrical Characteristics 3-2 Generator Neutral Grounding 3-3 Generator Surge Protection 3-4 Mechanical Characteristics 3-5 Excitation Systems 3-6 Generator Stator 3-7 Rotor and Shaft 3-8 Brakes and Jacks 3-9 Bearings 3-10 Temperature Devices 3-11 Final Acceptance Tests 3-12 Fire Suppression Systems 3-13 Chapter 4 Power Transformers General 4-1 Page 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-3 3-1 3-1 3-6 3-8 3-8 3-10 3-14 3-15 3-15 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 4-1 Subject Paragraph Rating 4-2 Cooling 4-3 Electrical Characteristics 4-4 Terminals 4-5 Accessories 4-6 Oil Containment Systems 4-7 Fire Suppression Systems 4-8 Chapter 5 High Voltage System Definition 5-1 Switchyard 5-2 Switching Scheme 5-3 Bus Structures 5-4 Switchyard Materials 5-5 Transformer Leads 5-6 Powerhouse - Switchyard Power Control and Signal Leads 5-7 Circuit Breakers 5-8 Disconnect Switches 5-9 Surge Arresters 5-10 Chapter 6 Generator-Voltage System General 6-1 Generator Leads 6-2 Neutral Grounding Equipment 6-3 Instrument Transformers 6-4 Single Unit and Small Power Plant Considerations 6-5 Excitation System Power Potential Transformer 6-6 Circuit Breakers 6-7 Chapter 7 Station Service System Power Supply 7-1 Page 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-5 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-3 5-3 5-4 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-6 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-2 6-3 6-3 6-3 7-1 EM 1110-2-3006 30 Jun 1994 Subject Paragraph Page Relays 7-2 7-3 Control and Metering Equipment ....
CHAPTER 3 NOMENCLATURE Ao = Area of orifice or ports AP = Cross-sectional area of penstocks At = Area of riser of differential surge tank A, = Net cross-sectional area of surge tank A, = Cross-sectional area of head race tunnel J&h = Thoma area of surge tank c = Velocity of propagation of pressure wave D = Diameter of head race tunnel F = Friction factor governing head loss [to be taken from IS : 4880 ( Part 3 ) - 1976” ] F, = Factor of safety over Ath g = Acceleration due to gravity H = Gross head on turbines Ho = Net head on turbines hr = Total head loss in head race tunnel system hrp = Total head loss in penstock system L = Length of head race tunnel Ls, = Length of riser spill in crest m = Reciprocal of Poisson’s ratio for rock P = Power generated Ph = Pressure due to water hammer in the conduit upstream of surge tank Qd = Maximum discharge supplied by the surge tank in case of specified load acceptance R1 = Internal radius of the pressure conduit R2, = Outer radius of the pressure conduit V’ = Volume of water in surge tank corresponding to Z Y’t = Volume of water in the conduit in a given time interval ∆t = V1,At.
Technical Risks Hydrological Due to lower or higher-than-expected water flows, floods, unusual seasonal variations Thorough hydrology analysis, contingency margin for output, detailed investigation during feasibility and design phases Geotechnical seismic Due to geological activity structural problems arise Detailed analysis, site-specific design Electro-mechanical equipment performance Due to underperformance as per project specifications Supervision, inspection, quality assurance, reliability tests, guarantees and warranties Construction Due to construction delays Supervision, inspection, quality assurance, reliability tests, guarantees and warranties Operation and maintenance Due to underperformance of O&M Detailed O&M contracts, guarantees and warranties Social Risks Land and water use conflicts Due to conflicts with local water users or downstream riparian, water use Formal agreement with stakeholders, modify design Resettlement and social unrest Due to resettlement, local employment and compensation Formal agreement with stakeholders, modify design Public health and safety risks Due to threats to public safety or health during all project phases Safety management plan, formal agreement with stakeholders, modify project International objection on social, environmental or cultural grounds Develop and carry out strategic communications strategy, modify project Cultural heritage issues Preservation of historically significant sites and artifacts Design pre-project activities to investigate, preserve, or modify project Environmental Risks Water quality Modify project, compensate for impacts Sedimentation Modify project Upstream/downstream flow regime Modify project, compensate for impacts Wetlands protection Modify project, compensate for impacts Biodiversity Modify project, compensate for impacts, pest management Fish habitat Modify project, compensate for impacts A Guide for Developers and Investors HYDROELECTRIC POWER 115 18 Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator B/C Benefit/Cost ratio BOO Build-Operate-Own BOT Build-Operate-Transfer BREP Balkan Renewable Energy Program CAPEX Capital Expenses DSCR Debt-Service Coverage Ratio E&M Electrical and Mechanical E&S Environmental and Social EIA U.S. Energy Information Administration EP Equator Principles EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMS Environmental and Social Management System FDC Flow Duration Curve FIDIC Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils
www.cedengineering.com Planning and Design of Hydroelectric Power Plants Course No: S04-002 Credit: 4 PDH Gilbert Gedeon, P.E. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. P: (877) 322-5800 info@cedengineering.com Planning and Design of Hydroelectric Power Plants – S04-002 This course was adapted from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Publication No. EM 1110-2-3001, “Planning and Design of Hydroelectric Power Plant Structures", which is in the public domain. . 1-1 1-1 Applicability . . 1-2 1-1 References . 1-2 1-1 Codes . 1-4 1-1 Criteria . . 1-5 1-1 Hydroelectric Design Center . 1-6 1-1 Chapter 2 General Requirements Location of Powerhouse . . 2-1 2-1 Location of Switchyard . . 2-3 2-1 Other Site Features . 2-4 2-1 Types of Powerhouse Structures . 2-5 2-1 Selection of Type of Powerhouse . 2-6 2-2 General Arrangement of Powerhouse . 2-8 2-3 Powerhouse and Switchyard Equipment . 2-10 2-4 Chapter 3 Architectural Requirements Exterior Design . . 4-1 4-1 Design Loads .
This book is a simple manual containing the practical step-by-step for designing hydroelectric plants.
The micro-hydro project designed to be a run -of-river type, because it requires very little or no reservoir in order to power the turbine.