7 results ·
● Live web index
M
marshallgeo.com
article
https://marshallgeo.com/geotechnical-engineering/best-practices-in-hillside-c…
The most appropriate way of safeguarding your hillside investment is frequent maintenance. It is cheaper than fixing a failed slope.
# Conclusion
The construction of Hillside is a combination of art, engineering, and safety. Each of the slopes is a different story according to whether it is stable or unpredictable. [...] Slopes are designed by the engineers before the grading process. They balance cut (removal of soil) and fill (addition of soil).
The cut slopes are cut within the current terrain.
The fill slopes are constructed using compacted soil.
Los Angeles County needs fill compaction to achieve 90- 95% relative density. It is normally so as to provide a long-term stability of the soil. [...] Such arrangement is seen in Beverly Hills, Hollywood Hills and Pacific Palisades. Slope in these regions is steep. Caisson foundations reduce landslides and show good results in seismic areas.
##### Mat Foundations
Mat foundation (or raft slab) distributes the loads over a large area. Many times, it is applied in soils that are weak or dissimilar. It aids in minimizing the disparity settlement, particularly in the multi-story hill-side constructions.
##### Friction Piles
O
onlinepubs.trb.org
article
https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr176/176-008.pdf
hillside creep, and ancient landslides, should be carefully noted. Early recognition of known troublesome areas encourages alternative studies for future highway location. If relocation is not possible, adjustments to the line and grade of the highway should be considered. The most difficult landforms to detect, and the most costly to deal with in construction , are the geologically an-cient landslides. Quite often, natural weathering processes or human changes to the environment all but [...] additional costs will accrue, since a transition zone on each side of the grade change wHI be required. Changes lo effecl reduction in the driving forces during construction operations are nol only difficult but expensive. To flatten construction slopes often requires additional rigl1t-of-way and could involve aJignment shifts that affect the design on either side of the troubled area. The co t-effectiveness of geotechnical studies is greatest during the preliminary design stages of any [...] to slope stability, will quite naturally play an important role in the final course of action selected. The removal of potentially unstable materials can vary from simple stripping of a near-surface layer a few meters thick before embankment construction to a more compli-cated and costly operation such as that encountered in a side hill cut along the Willamette River in West Linn, Oregon, 173 r Table 8.1. Summary of slope design procedures. Category Avoid problem Reduce driving forces Procedure
F
fs.usda.gov
official
https://www.fs.usda.gov/t-d/programs/forest_mgmt/projects/lowvolroads/ch11.pdf
• Construct cut slopes in most soils using a cut slope ratio of 3/4:1 to 1:1 (horizontal: vertical) (Figure 11.1). Use flatter cut slopes in coarse granu-lar and unconsolidated soils, in wet areas, and in soft or clay-rich soils. Use relatively flat cut slopes (2:1 or flatter) for low (<2-3 meters high) cuts to promote growth of vegeta-tion.
• Construct cut slopes in rock using a cut slope ratio of 1/4:1 to 1/2:1 (Figure 11.1). [...] Use Full Bench Cuts When the Ground Slopes Exceed +/- 60% High Cut Typically Steeper Where Stable Typical Rock Cut Slopes ¼:1 to ½:1 Typical Cut Slopes in Most Soils ¾:1 to 1:1 Natural Ground 0-60% Ground slopes 60% + ¾:1 1:1 ½:1 ¼:1 Road Road Road Cut Fill ¾:1 to 1:1 0 - 60% Low Cut Can be Steep or Flatter 2:1 Use a Balanced Cut and Fill Section for Most Construction on Hill Slopes. [...] • Compact fill slopes in sensitive areas or when the fill is constructed with erosive or weak soils. Use specific compaction proce-dures, such as wheel rolling, layer placement of the fill (with 15 to 30 cm lifts), or use specific compaction equipment when available (Figure 11.2b).
G
geosolv.ca
article
https://geosolv.ca/slope-stability
New slope construction provides the design team with the advantage of conducting detailed engineering of the proposed slope and the availability of multiple approaches, depending on the specifics of the planned slope. Many factors are involved in the design of new slopes/embankments. They include the height of slope, slope inclination, right of way or available land, materials used in construction, existing and future groundwater and surface water conditions, and existing subsurface soils. [...] Slope stability for new slopes is achieved through various methods, depending on the nature of the grade separation, embankment dimensions, and shape, as well as other factors. Typical methods for building new slopes from steep-sloped to vertical faces include Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls (block or panel facing), Reinforced Soil Slopes (RSS) with wire mesh-faced systems (using rock or soil), and often include a geogrid or steel-strip tieback system. Other approaches for [...] While there is often good control over the materials and methods used to construct a new slope, the existing subsoils may be a problem that could create instability. If these pre-existing soils exhibit low shear strength and/or high compressibility, this could create slope stability issues for the newly constructed slope regardless of the care taken during slope construction. Methods to improve slope or embankment subsoils include Ground Improvement, and Rigid Inclusion approaches. The
C
calichi.com
article
https://calichi.com/blog/slope-stability-hillside-development
Saturated shallow soils on steep slopes can mobilize as debris flows during intense rainfall. This is a particular hazard in burn areas after wildfires, where the loss of vegetation and hydrophobic soil layers dramatically reduce slope stability. Many jurisdictions in fire-prone areas require debris flow hazard assessments for hillside development.
## What the Geotechnical Report Must Address
For hillside projects, the geotechnical investigation should include at a minimum: [...] Maximum slope angles. The geotech may limit cut slopes to 2:1 or even 3:1 based on the soil strength, even though the code default allows 2:1. Fill slopes are often limited to 2:1 with keyways and benching.
Setbacks from slopes. Buildings and structures typically must be set back from the top of slopes by a distance equal to one-third to one-half the slope height, with a minimum of 5 to 15 feet depending on the jurisdiction. This setback zone is not usable for building footprint. [...] Retaining walls to steepen slopes and recover buildable area: $40 to $120 per square foot of face
Subdrain systems: $30 to $60 per linear foot installed
Soil nail or shotcrete slope stabilization: $30 to $70 per square foot of slope face
Over-excavation and recompaction of existing fill: $15 to $30 per cubic yard
Extended geotechnical investigation (additional borings, monitoring): $15,000 to $50,000+
F
facebook.com
news
https://www.facebook.com/Civil619/posts/slope-stabilization-techniques-in-hil…
Soil nailing and ground anchoring with shotcrete facing is a slope stabilization technique used to reinforce and support cut slopes, excavations
S
sciencedirect.com
article
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811029997/pdf?md5=2…
by N Mizal-Azzmi · 2011 · Cited by 55 — The changing of the slope angle from steep slope to a gentler slope may increase the stabilization of slope and the angle is usually supported by grass bonding