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fdotblob.core.windows.net
article
https://fdotwww.blob.core.windows.net/sitefinity/docs/default-source/roadway/…
Topic #625-000-002 FDOT Design Manual 263 - Geosynthetic Design 263 Geosynthetic Design 263.1 General This chapter provides design guidance for geosynthetic reinforced soil slopes and geosynthetic reinforced foundations over soft soils. “Geosynthetic” is a generic term for all synthetic materials used in geotechnical engineering applications and includes geotextiles and geogrids. Reinforced soil slopes should be utilized only when unreinforced slopes are not appropriate and retaining walls are [...] soil properties for the fill material chosen by the contractor meet or exceed those used in the redesign. See Standard Specifications, Section 145 for requirements associated with contractor-initiated redesigns. 263.4 Geosynthetic Reinforcement Design Considerations Only those geosynthetic products approved for usage on reinforced soil slopes in the APL are eligible for use on FDOT projects. Design the geosynthetic reinforced systems using comprehensive stability analyses methods that address [...] in the APL for each approved geosynthetic product. 263.6 Geosynthetic Reinforcement Design Guidelines These design guidelines are excerpted from the FHWA Publications (a) FHWA GEC 011 (FHWA-NHI-10-024 & FHWA-NHI-10-025), "Design and Construction of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes-Volumes 1 & 2", and (b) No. FHWA HI-95-038, "Geosynthetic Design and Construction Guidelines". Designers should refer to these publications for further details. (1) Reinforced Slope - see
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solmax.com
article
https://www.solmax.com/ca/en/blog/what-are-the-key-considerations-in-designin…
Reinforced slopes that are 1(H): 1(V) and steeper typically require additional facing support during construction. A geosynthetic face wrap and/or a hard armor facing support system is often employed in these scenarios. Particularly when constructing slopes with materials like silts and poorly graded sands and gravels, or in environments subjected to external erosive forces such as mild water currents and/or wave attack, robust facing supports are essential. Temporary supports such as wooden [...] ### Design principles of reinforced soil slopes
The design of reinforced soil slopes hinges on two critical components: the facing system and the reinforcement strategy. The facing system is integral to erosion protection and structural support, enabling the formation of slopes that surpass natural stable inclinations without compromising stability. Secondary reinforcement, typically comprising geosynthetic materials, aids in compaction and mitigates surficial sloughing at the slope face. [...] Geosynthetic materials, including geotextiles and geogrids, play a versatile role in RSS, enhancing structural support, facilitating drainage, and supporting vegetation growth. These synthetic solutions bridge the gap between soft and hard facing options for reinforced slopes, offering tailored reinforcement that meets specific site requirements. They are particularly valuable in environments subjected to dynamic weather conditions and hydraulic pressures, where traditional materials might fail
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library.ctr.utexas.edu
research
https://library.ctr.utexas.edu/hostedpdfs/tsusm/0-6792-1.pdf
Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. FHWA/TX-14/0-6792-1 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED STEEP SLOPES 5. Report Date Published: March 2016 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) Yoo Jae Kim, Jiong Hu, Soon Jae Lee, Ashley Russell Kotwal, and Justin Wayne Dickey 8. Performing Organization Report No. Report 0-6792-1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Texas State University Department of Engineering [...] perform a pseudo-static type analysis using a seismic ground coefficient (A) obtained from local building code and a design seismic acceleration (Am) equal to A/2. Reinforced soil slopes are clearly yielding type structures more so than walls and Am can be taken as A/2 as allowed by AASHTO (2002). In the pseudo-static method, seismic stability is determined by adding a horizontal and/or vertical force at the centroid of each slice to the moment equilibrium equation as per Figure 21. The [...] Geosynthetic Material: Reinforcement: Polyester Geogrid (3600 lb/ft) Facing: Welded Wire Forms Foundation Soil: Silty-Sand Slope Height: 26 ft Slope Angle: 1H:1V Construction Specifications: South Carolina DOT Construction Sequence: The slope design required primary geogrid reinforcement to be placed at 2 ft vertical spacing for the bottom third of the slope and 6 ft vertical spacing in the upper third of the slope. The geogrid embedment lengths required to satisfy overall slope
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dot.ca.gov
official
https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/engineering/documents/geotechni…
FHWA GEC 011 “Design and Construction of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes - Volume I.” Publication No. FHWA-NHI-10-024. FHWA (2009). FHWA GEC 011 “Design and Construction of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes - Volume II.” Publication No. FHWA-NHI-10-025. TxDOT (2016). “Geosynthetic Reinforced Steep Slopes.” Report No. FHWA/TX-14/0-6792-1. Geosynthetic Reinforced Embankments September 2023 Page 17 of 17 Appendix 1 Geosynthetic Reinforced [...] capacity evaluation as needed. Refer to the Embankment module. 4.7 Design for Slope Restoration GRE may be an effective option for restoring failed slopes. For this application, remove landslide debris by excavating below and beyond the failure surface. The excavation may be constrained at the landslide scarp due to the need to keep the highway open. Establish sufficient space, at least 10 feet horizontally near the top of the slope for the installation of geosynthetic reinforcements. If [...] Geosynthetic Reinforced Embankments September 2023 Page 1 of 17 1 Reinforced Embankments Geosynthetic Reinforced Embankment (GRE) is a system that incorporates planar geosynthetic reinforcement within a slope (Figure 1) for slope inclinations less than 70 degrees from horizontal. A GRE is also referred to as a Reinforced Soil Slope. Situations where GRE may be used include: • • • • Limited right of way Shortage of fill quantity for slope construction Excess of excavated materials Distressed or
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vulcanhammer.net
article
https://vulcanhammer.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/fhwa-nhi-00-043.pdf
Specification Guidelines for Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Slope Systems Description Work shall consist of design, furnishing materials, and construction of geosynthetic reinforced soil slope structure. Supply of geosynthetic reinforcement, drainage composite, and erosion control materials, and site assistance are all to be furnished by the slope system supplier. [...] b. Design of Reinforcement for Compaction Aid For the use of geosynthetics as compaction aids, the design is relatively simple. Assuming the slope is safe without reinforcement, no reinforcement design is required. Place any geotextile or geogrid that will survive construction at every lift or every other lift in a continuous plane along the edge of the slope (see figure 4b). Only narrow strips, about 1.2 to 2 m (4 to 6 ft) in width, at 0.3 to 0.5 m (1 to 1.5 ft) vertical spacing are required. [...] In areas subject to potential seismic activity, a simple pseudo-static type analysis should be performed using a seismic coefficient obtained from Division 1A of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (1996) or using local practice. Reinforced slopes are flexible systems and unless used for bridge abutments they are not laterally restrained. Thus it is appropriate to use Am = A/2 for seismic design in accordance with the AASHTO code.
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scdot.org
article
https://www.scdot.org/content/dam/scdot-legacy/business/pdf/geotech/2022-by-c…
D-8 and D-9 is not intended to be a single design tool. Other design charts that are available from the literature could also be used (e.g., Ruegger, 1986; Leshchinsky and Boedeker, 1989; and Jewell, 1990). Several computer programs are also available (see Section D.10) for analyzing a slope with a given reinforcement and can be used as a check. Judgment in selection of other appropriate design methods (i.e., most conservative or experience) is required. After determining the maximum required [...] 1.7. If testing indicates that RFID will be greater than 1.7 (approximately a 40 percent strength loss); then that combination of geosynthetic and backfill conditions should not be used, as this or greater levels of damage will cause the remaining strength to be highly variable and therefore not adequately reliable for design. In general, RFID is strongly dependent on the backfill soil gradation characteristics and its angularity, especially for lighter weight geosynthetics. Provided a minimum [...] reinforced slope with a computer program. Layout includes number, length, design strength, and vertical distribution of the geosynthetic reinforcement. The charts presented in Figure D-8 provide a method for generating a preliminary layout. Note that these charts were developed with the specific assumptions noted in this figure. Analyze the reinforced soil slope with the trial geosynthetic reinforcement layouts. The most economical reinforcement layout must provide the maximum stability
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mdpi.com
article
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/10/2008
For soil slope applications, Alabama Department of Transportation (DOT) specifies that the geosynthetic reinforcement (either geogrid or geotextile) shall be constructed of polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene, resistant to all naturally occurring alkaline and acidic soil conditions, and resistant to heat, ultraviolet light, and to attack by bacteria and fungi in the soil . Reinforcement for soil slopes shall be any geosynthetic whose strength in the machine direction equals or exceeds the [...] Figure 1.
Geosynthetic Reinforced Steep Slope Applications .
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Figure 2.
Embankment Failure Modes on Weak Foundation Soils .
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Figure 3.
Recommended Design Methods.
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Figure 4.
Internal Stability of a Soil Slope.
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Figure 5.
Mohr–Coulomb Failure Envelope for Shear Strength of Soils .
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Figure 6.
Vertical Slice for Internal Stability Analysis .
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| H = 6.1 m | (height) |
| β = 70° | (slope angle) |
| q = 10.1 kN/m2 | (surcharge load) |
| c = 0 | (soil cohesion) |
| ϕ = 32° | (soil internal friction angle) |
| γ = 20 kN/m3 | (soil unit weight) |
| FSdesign = 1.30 | (design factor of safety) |
| FSgrid = 2.75 | (geogrid factor of safety) |
| Tult = 65.7 kN/m | (geogrid tensile strength) |
| ru = 0.25 | (pore water pressure coefficient) |
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sciencedirect.com
article
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266114417301024
by AH Abd · 2017 · Cited by 130 — This paper is to provide a method for the design of slope reinforcements where the effect of cohesion is accounted for that may feed into future new guidelines.