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fema.gov
official
https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_p-2181-fact-sheet-5-3…
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes—Volume I . Available at:
dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/nhi10024/nhi10024.pdf
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2015. Soil Nail Walls Reference Manual . Available at:
engineering/geotech/pubs/nhi14007.pdf
U.S. Geological Survey. 2004. Formation, Evolution, and Stability of Coastal Cliffs—Status and Trends . Available at: [...] Kim, Y.J., et. al. 2019. “Geosynthetic Reinforced Steep Slopes: Current Technology in the United States.” Applied
Sciences , Vol. 9, No. 2008. Available at:
New York State Department of Transportation. 2015. Geotechnical Design Procedure for Flexible Wall Systems .
Available at:
repository/GDP-11b.pdf
Nicholson, P. 2015. “Objectives and Approaches to Hydraulic Modification.” Soil Improvement and Ground
Modification Methods . Available at: [...] U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2006. Wilderness and Backcountry Site Restoration Guide. Available at: https://
www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2006_therrell_l001.pdf
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2007. Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook . Available at:
fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf07232806/pdf07232806dpi72.pdf
U.S. Department of Transportation. 1999. Report No. FHWA-IF-99-015. Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 4
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publications.usace.army.mil
article
https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerManua…
Stark, T. D., and Eid, H. T. 1997. “Slope Stability Analyses in Stiff Fissured Clays,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ,” ASCE, Vol 123, No. 4, Apr., pp 335-343.
Taylor 1937
Taylor, D. W. 1937. “Stability of Earth Slopes,” Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers , Vol 24, No. 3, July, pp 197-247, reprinted in Contributions to Soil Mechanics 1925-1940 , Boston Society of Civil Engineers, 1940, pp 337-386.
Whitman and Bailey 1967 [...] Fredlund 1995
Fredlund, D. G. 1995. “The Stability of Slopes with Negative Pore-Water Pressures.” Proceedings , Ian Boyd Donald Symposium on Modern Developments in Geomechanics , Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, pp 99-116. EM 1110-2-1901 31 Oct 03
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Fredlund 2000
Fredlund, D. G. 2000. “The 1999 R. M. Hardy Lecture: The Implementation of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics into Geotechnical Engineering,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal , Vol 37, No. 5, October, pp 963-986. [...] 1. Purpose. This engineer manual (EM) provides guidance for analyzing the static stability of slopes of earth and rock-fill dams, slopes of other types of embankments, excavated slopes, and natural slopes in soil and soft rock. Methods for analysis of slope stability are described and are illustrated by examples in the appendixes. Criteria are presented for strength tests, analysis conditions, and factors of safety. The criteria in this EM are to be used with methods of stability analysis that
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onlinepubs.trb.org
article
https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr247/sr247-017.pdf
pp. 77-92. Hryciw, R. D., and K. Haji-Ahmad. 1992. Design of Anchored Geosynthetic Systems for Slope Stabilization. In Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments, Proceedings of a Specialty Conference, Berkeley, Calif. (R. B. Seed and R. W. Boulanger, eds.), Geotechnical Special Publication 31, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 1464-1480. Humphrey, D. N., and W. P. Manion. 1992. Properties of Tire Chips for Lightweight Fill. In Grouting, Soil Improvement, and [...] S. L., B. D. Campbell, and J. L. Withiam. 1992. Slope Stabilization Using In-Situ Earth Reinforcements. In Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments: Proceedings of a Confer-ence, Berkeley, Calif. (R. B. Seed and R. W. Bou-langer, eds.), Geotechnical Special Publication 31, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 1333-1348. Peck, R. B., and H. 0. Ireland. 1953. Investigation of Stability Problems. Proc., American Railway Engineering Association, Vol. 54, pp. 1116-1128. [...] Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 7, pp. 979-1000. Bruce, D. A. 1992a. Recent Progress in American Pinpile Technology. In Grouting, Soil Improvement, and Geosynthetics: Proceedings of a Conference, New Orleans (R. H. Borden, R. D Holtz, and I. Juran, eds.), Geotechnical Special Publication 30, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, Vol. 2, pp. 765-777. Bruce, D. A. 1992b. Two New Specialty Geotechnical Processes for Slope Stabilization. In Stability and Performance of Slopes and
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cedengineering.com
article
https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/G06-001%20-%20Geotechnical%20Enginee…
Geotechnical Engineering: Slope Stability – G06-001 6-51 Figure 6-24. Reduction of grade line to improve slope stability. Figure 6-25. Use of counterweight berm to improve slope stability. Figure 6-26. Use of shear key to improve slope stability. Geotechnical Engineering: Slope Stability – G06-001 6-52 As illustrated in Figure 6-27, there are three possible failure modes for reinforced slopes: 1. Internal - the failure plane passes through the reinforcing elements. [...] is by a dozer that will track over and compact the lower areas of the gravel blanket while the upper areas are being constructed. Geotechnical Engineering: Slope Stability – G06-001 6-58 6.10.3 Factor of Safety - Cut Slopes As indicated previously, a minimum design safety factor of 1.25 is used for routine highway embankment side slopes. A minimum factor of safety against sliding of 1.50 is recommended for the stability of cut slopes in fine-grained soils. The greater factor of safety for cut [...] of safety for cut slopes is based upon the knowledge that cut slopes may deteriorate with time as a result of natural drainage conditions that embankments generally do not experience. In addition, there is a greater degree of uncertainty about the homogeneity of the soils in cut slopes than in embankment slopes that are engineered and constructed under controlled conditions. Geotechnical Engineering: Slope Stability – G06-001 6-59
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ndl.ethernet.edu.et
research
http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/1359/1/288.pdf
Ausilio E., Conte E. and Dente G. (2001), Stability analysis of slopes reinforced with piles, Computers and Geotechnics, 28(8), 591–611.
Azzouz A.S. and Baligh M.M. (1983), Loaded areas on cohesive slopes, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 709–729.
Baker R. (1980), Determination of the critical slip surface in slope stability computa-tions, International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 4, 333–359. [...] Duncan J.M. (1996), State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 122(7), 577–596.
Duncan J.M. and Wright S.G. (2005), Soil Strength and Slope Stability, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
Elias V. and Juran I. (1991), Soil Nailing for Stabilization of Highway Slopes and Excavations, FHWA-RD-89-198, United States Federal Highway Administration. [...] Cheng Y.M., Li L. and Chi S.C. (2007b), Studies on six heuristic global optimiza-tion methods in the location of critical slip surface for soil slopes, Computers and Geotechnics, 34(6), 462–484.
Cheng Y.M., Li L. and Lansivaara T. (2007c), Slope stability analysis by dual extremum principle with a mixed optimization algorithm, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (under review).
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outside.vermont.gov
official
https://outside.vermont.gov/agency/vtrans/external/docs/construction/03Geotec…
by the Project Delivery Bureau. Slope stability evaluations are performed for a wide variety of geotechnical engineering applications, including, but not limited to the: • determination of short and long term stability of both temporary and permanent cut and fill slopes including staged embankment construction; VTrans GEI 14-01 1 October 10, 2014 • assessment of overall stability of retaining walls, including global and compound stability (including permanent systems and temporary shoring [...] list should be used as a guide for the preparation of a geotechnical report for slope stabilization projects. An example of a VTrans geotechnical report provided for an Agency slope stabilization project is included in Appendix C. 7.1 General Project Information 1. Description of the project, including location, site map, scope, and any design assumptions or constraints. 2. History of the problem including possible triggering events or mechanisms, (i.e. flooding, prolonged periods of rain, [...] does not reflect actual geotechnical conditions. 3.4.5 Geotechnical Instrumentation Geotechnical instrumentation functions can be divided into two primary applications for slope stability assessment: investigation and monitoring. Although the surficial sloughing of slopes can be readily identified in the field, many other failure mechanisms are not as easily defined. Thus the Agency utilizes inclinometers to monitor movement of soil mass 1) at suspected locations and verify the behavior,
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tjfaonline.com
article
http://tjfaonline.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/TJFA-410.pdf
5.10 OTHER PROPERTIES In this section, several supplementary laboratory tests are reviewed on the basis of their indirect influence within the overall framework of slope stability and practical geotechnical engineering.
TJ FA 410 PAGE 020 ydraulic Conductivity," ~st, pp. 717-725.
s Triggering a Shallow ~gists, Vol. XXV, No. 3, Hillslopes of Coastal ~0, pp. 79-95.
l Environment & Soil ed Sands and Gravels," n, Ed., May, pp. 67-82. [...] 926917 CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABOUTTHE AUTHORS GENERAL SLOPE STABILITY CONCEPTS Lee W. Abramson Introduction / 1 Aims of Slope Stability Analysis / 2 Natural Slopes / 2 Engineered Slopes / 3 Embankments and Fills / 3 Cut Slopes / 15 Landfills / 18 Retaining Structures / 24 Landslides / 25 1.5.1 Features and Dimensions of Landslides / 25 1.5.2 Landslide Rates and Types of Movements / 29 Factors Contributing to Slope Failures / 33 Basic Concepts Applied to Slope Stability / 34 Typical [...] Slopes / 427 6.18.5 Probabilistic Analysis of Performance Function / 427 6.18.6 Quantifying Uncertainty / 436 6.18.7 Examples / 438 6.18.8 Summary / 452 References / 454 SLOPE STABILIZATION METHODS Lee W. Abramson 7.1 Introduction / 462 7.2 Unloading / 463 7.2.1 Excavation / 463 7.2.2 Lightweight Fill / 468 7.3 Buttressing / 470 7.3.1 Soil and Rock Fill / 474 7.3.2 Counterberrns / 474 7.3.3 Shear Keys / 475 7.3.4 Mechanically Stabilized Embankments / 477 7.3.5 Pneusol (Tiresoil) / 480 7.4
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civilwares.free.fr
article
http://civilwares.free.fr/Geotechnical%20engineering%20-%20Principles%20and%2…
cohesion for any assumed surface of failure. [...] CHAPTER 10 STABILITY OF SLOPES 10.1 INTRODUCTION Slopes of earth are of two types 1. Natural slopes 2. Man made slopes Natural slopes are those that exist in nature and are formed by natural causes. Such slopes exist in hilly areas. The sides of cuttings, the slopes of embankments constructed for roads, railway lines, canals etc. and the slopes of earth dams constructed for storing water are examples of man made slopes. The slopes whether natural or artificial may be 1. Infinite slopes 2. Finite [...] = 0.058 rad; or 0' = 3.34° Stability of Slopes 389 The new radius of the friction circle is r{ = R sin 0'm = 20 x sin 3.3° = 1.16 m.