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F
fhwa.dot.gov
official
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/nhi10025/nhi10025.pdf
slope systems and suppliers. C In-house design and performance criteria for reinforced slopes. The following guidelines are recommended as the basis for specifications or special provisions for the furnishing and construction of reinforced soil slopes on the basis of pre approved reinforcement materials. Specification guidelines are presented for each of the following topics: 1. Specification Guidelines for RSS Construction (Agency design). 2. Specifications for Erosion Control Mat or Blanket. [...] Figure 9-1. Flow chart of steps for reinforced soil slope design. FHWA NHI-10-025 9 – Design of Reinforced Soil Slopes MSE Walls and RSS – Vol II 9 – 2 November 2009 9.2 REINFORCED SLOPE DESIGN GUIDELINES The design steps outlined in the flow chart are as follows: 9.2.1 Step 1. Establish the geometric, loading, and performance requirements for design. a. Geometric and loading requirements (see Figure 9-2). Slope height, H Slope angle, θ External (surcharge) loads: - Surcharge load, q - [...] will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Geosynthetic Drainage Composite square yard (meter) 10.10.4 Specification Guidelines for Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Slope Systems Description Work shall consist of design, furnishing materials, and construction of geosynthetic reinforced soil slope structure. Supply of geosynthetic reinforcement, drainage composite, and erosion control materials, and site assistance are all to be furnished by the slope system supplier. Reinforced Slope System Acceptable
V
vulcanhammer.net
article
https://vulcanhammer.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/fhwa-nhi-00-043.pdf
The following guidelines are recommended as the basis for specifications or special provisions for the furnishing and construction of reinforced soil slopes on the basis of pre approved reinforcement materials. Specification guidelines are presented for each of the following topics: (a) Specification Guidelines for RSS Construction (Agency design).
(b) Specifications for Erosion Control Mat or Blanket.
(c) Specifications for Geosynthetic Drainage Composite. [...] This Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (MSE) and Reinforced Soil Slopes (RSS), Design and Construction Guidelines Manual which is a current update of FHWA SA-96-071, has evolved from the following AASHTO and FHWA references: !
Reinforced Soil Structures - Volume I, Design and Construction Guidelines - Volume II, Summary of Research and Systems Information, by B.R. Christopher, S.A. Gill, J.P. Giroud, J.K. Mitchell, F. Schlosser, and J. Dunnicliff, FHWA RD 89-043.
! [...] Specification Guidelines for Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Slope Systems Description Work shall consist of design, furnishing materials, and construction of geosynthetic reinforced soil slope structure. Supply of geosynthetic reinforcement, drainage composite, and erosion control materials, and site assistance are all to be furnished by the slope system supplier.
C
cdn.glenraven.net
article
https://cdn.glenraven.net/geogrid/pdf/en_us/StrataSlope_Reinforced-soil-slope…
Guidelines. 1.4 Design Requirements A. Design Requirements: Design reinforced soil structure in conformance with the design guidelines of NHI-00-043 or National Concrete Masonry Association. Design shall be prepared by a professional engineer registered in the state in which the project is located. 1.5 SUBMITTALS A. Submit under provisions of Section 01300. B. Manufacturer's certification that the reinforced soil system components meet the requirements of this specification and the structure [...] provisions. 3.2 CONSTRUCTION A. Construct reinforced soil structure in accordance with the approved shop drawings and Construction and Quality Control Manual supplied by the manufacturer. B. Geogrid placement: 1. Unroll the geogrid and cut to the length indicated in the approved shop drawings. 2. Place geogrid on level and compacted reinforced fill at locations indicated in the approved shop drawings. 3. Primary strength direction of the geogrid shall be placed perpendicular to the face of the [...] Molecular Weight of PET Yarns Based on a Relative Viscosity Value. D. National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA) 1. NCMA TR127A – Design Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls. 2. NCMA TR160 – Segmental Retaining Walls – Seismic Design Manual. 3. NCMA TR204 – Drainage Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls. E. National Highway Institute (NHI) / Federal Highway Administration 1. NHI-00-043 – Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelines. 1.4
S
scdot.org
article
https://www.scdot.org/content/dam/scdot-legacy/business/pdf/geotech/2022-by-c…
D-24 Figure D-12, Sliding Stability Analysis ....................................................................... D-26 Figure D-13, Local Bearing Failure (Lateral Squeeze) ............................................... D-28 Figure D-14, Groundwater and Surface Drainage ..................................................... D-29 January 2022 D-1 APPENDIX D REINFORCED SOIL SLOPE DESIGN GUIDELINES D.1 INTRODUCTION This Appendix outlines SCDOT’s design methodology for Reinforced Soil Slopes [...] core • Long-term inflow/outflow capacity Procedures for checking geotextile permeability and filtration/clogging criteria are presented in Geosynthetic Design and Construction Guidelines, Holtz, Christopher and Berg (2008), FHWA NHI-07-092. Long-term compressive stress and eccentric loadings on the core of a geocomposite should be considered during design and selection. Though not yet addressed in standardized test methods or standards of practice, the following criteria are suggested for [...] of Transportation, Washington D.C. Holtz, R. D., Christopher, B. R., and Berg, R. R. (2008), Geosynthetic Design and Construction Guidelines, (Publication No. FHWA NHI-97-092), National Highway Institute, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington D.C. Jewell, R. A., (1990), “Revised Design Charts for Steep Reinforced Slopes, Reinforced Embankments: Theory and Practice in the British Isles”, Thomas Telford, London, United Kingdom. Leshchinsky, E. and Boedeker,
S
solmax.com
article
https://www.solmax.com/ca/en/blog/what-are-the-key-considerations-in-designin…
Reinforced soil slopes (RSS) stand as a cornerstone in modern geotechnical engineering, offering robust solutions for constructing slopes with inclinations less than 70 degrees from the horizontal. These structures are pivotal in combating erosion, facilitating vegetation growth, and ensuring the stability of steepened terrain. The general facing systems deployed in these constructions can be broadly classified into two types: soft or vegetated and hard armored systems, which may or may not [...] Reinforced slopes that are 1(H): 1(V) and steeper typically require additional facing support during construction. A geosynthetic face wrap and/or a hard armor facing support system is often employed in these scenarios. Particularly when constructing slopes with materials like silts and poorly graded sands and gravels, or in environments subjected to external erosive forces such as mild water currents and/or wave attack, robust facing supports are essential. Temporary supports such as wooden [...] When employing geosynthetic materials, ensuring UV stability is crucial for long-term effectiveness, especially in environments with significant exposure to sunlight. Structures with a design life greater than three years, as recommended by FHWA guidelines, should use UV-stable materials to prevent degradation over time. In vegetated structures, where vegetation might provide some protection from UV light, the use of UV-stable facing is still recommended to safeguard against areas where
C
cherokeemfg.com
article
https://cherokeemfg.com/reinforced-soil-slope-walls-rss-walls-installation
When building a reinforced slope, we will primarily depend on a secondary reinforcement with a light to moderate geosynthetic fabric or grid in tight vertical spacing with relatively short embedment lengths (how far horizontally into the slope these extend). These layers will provide superficial stability to protect the embankment from shallow plane failure at the surface, while also giving compaction equipment a good platform in which to compact soil lifts all the way to the face of the slope. [...] A reinforced soil slope is defined as a compacted fill embankment that incorporates geosynthetic reinforcement to increase the soil shear to enhance the stability of the embankment when site conditions require an embankment with a steeper angle of repose (how steep soil can naturally be piled relative to a horizontal plane) or if the embankment is intended to carry a load considered unstable with the existing subgrade. [...] A minimum of 6 inches of soil is required prior to the operation of vehicles on the geosynthetic. Avoid sudden stopping or braking, and do not turn tracked equipment on the fill area to avoid displacement. Light rubber tire vehicle operation can sometimes be acceptable if it is infrequent and slow, and turning is minimized.
Ensure fill is compacted as indicated in construction drawings before placing the next layer of reinforcement, wire forms, and fill.
D
dot.ca.gov
official
https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/engineering/documents/geotechni…
Geosynthetic Reinforced Embankments September 2023 Page 1 of 17 1 Reinforced Embankments Geosynthetic Reinforced Embankment (GRE) is a system that incorporates planar geosynthetic reinforcement within a slope (Figure 1) for slope inclinations less than 70 degrees from horizontal. A GRE is also referred to as a Reinforced Soil Slope. Situations where GRE may be used include: • • • • Limited right of way Shortage of fill quantity for slope construction Excess of excavated materials Distressed or [...] submittal for alternative reinforced soil. Ensure the installation damage reduction factor of geosynthetics is consistent with the reinforced soil material to be used. Revise the design due to unexpected obstructions, groundwater, or limitations. 9 References and Guidelines • • • • • AASHTO Designation R69. “Determination of Long-Term Strength for Geosynthetic Reinforcement” FHWA (1998). “Geosynthetic Design and Construction Guidelines.” Publication No. FHWA-HI-95-038. FHWA (2009). FHWA GEC 011 [...] reinforcements. If necessary, one traffic lane may need to be closed during construction. Processed landslide debris may be used as reinforced soil if sufficient geosynthetic reinforcements are used, the reinforced soil materials do not cause creep, and proper subdrain is designed. To keep the slope dry, prefabricated vertical drains may be placed horizontally in conjunction with the geosynthetic reinforcements. 5 Execution and Communication During Design During design, close communication
D
damsafety.org
article
https://damsafety.org/reference/reinforced-slopes-using-geotextile-fibers-com…
Brief case histories of slopes constructed using fiber-reinforced soil, and design examples using high-strength geotextile - fibers composite are discussed.