Parameters: Input data consist of site specific data (discharge, water yield, generation head, evaporation rate, seepage rate etc.), technical data (efficiency
SMALL HYDRO POWER DESIGNER V1.1 is an excel workbook equipped with useful design tools for feasibility level analyses / designs of high and medium head
90 xiii LIST OF TABLES TABLES Table 4.1 Types and Province of Sample HEPP Projects............................24 Table 4.2 Types and Province of Testing HEPP Projects............................28 Table 4.3 Ranges of Parameters.............................................................33 Table 4.4 Normalization Procedure of Parameters....................................35 Table 5.1 Analyzed Data Set...................................................................40 Table 5.2 Cost Table of HEPP Project -1..................................................42 Table 5.3 Highly Correlated Variable Pairs and Correlation Coefficient........56 Table 5.4 Parameters of Testing Projects................................................77 Table 5.5 Results of Regression Model Cost Estimation.............................78 Table 5.6 Results of First Neural Network Model Cost Estimation...............79 Table 5.7 Results of Second Neural Network Model Cost Estimation..........80 Table 5.8 Results of Third Neural Network Model Cost Estimation.............81 Table 5.9 Results of NNM and RM Cost Estimations..................................83 Table B.1 Representation of Parameters – Column Matches....................102 Table B.2 Representation of Parameters – Column Matches....................109 xiv LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES Figure 3.1 Views of Atatürk Dam in Turkey...............................................12 Figure 3.2 Tazimina Project in Alaska Example of Run-off River HEPP.........15 Figure 3.3 Components of a HEPP Project.................................................17 Figure 3.4 Typical Cross Sections of Channels...........................................19 Figure 3.5 General Arrangement of The Headpond....................................20 Figure 4.1 Discharge Sustainability Graph of Project 11.............................30 Figure 5.1 Typical Neural Network Architecture Described by Kim et.al (2004)………………………………………………………………49 Figure 5.2 Worksheet Example of Minitab.................................................53 Figure 5.3 Selecting Correlation From Stat Menu.......................................54 Figure 5.4 Selecting Variables in Correlation Dialog Box.............................55 Figure 5.5 Selecting Regression From stat Menu.......................................60 Figure 5.6 Selecting Dependent Variable in Regression Dialog Box.............61 Figure 5.7 Selecting Independent Variable in Regression Dialog Box...........62 Figure 5.8 Regression Analysis Results.....................................................63 Figure 5.9 Information Window in Neural Power.......................................67 xv Figure 5.10 Data Files Module in Neural Power...........................................68 Figure 5.11 Independent Variables of Modeling Projects..............................69 Figure 5.12 Dependent Variables of Modeling Projects.................................69 Figure 5.13 Learning Settlements Window of Learning Module.....................70 Figure 5.14 Learning Configuration Window of Learning Module..................71 Figure 5.15 Layer Properties Window of Learning Settlements.....................72 Figure 5.16 Settlement Arrangements of The Model....................................73 Figure 5.17 View Monitor Window of Learning Settlements..........................75 Figure 5.18 An Example of RMSE Behaviour During Analysis........................75 Figure
Keywords: steam power plants, exergy, effectiveness, objective function, optimization 3 Nomenclature cP specific heat [kJ/kg.K] i inlet h enthalpy [kJ/kg] k component İ irreversibility rate [kW] o ambient 𝑚 ̇ mass flow rate rate [kg/s] P product P pressure [kPa] 𝑄̇ heat transfer [kW] Abbr. s entropy [kJ/kg.K] BFP boiler feed pump T temperature [o C] CEP condensate pump w work done kJ/kg Cond condenser 𝑊 ̇ power [kW] CW cooling water x mass fraction [-] DCA drain cooler approach [o C] DEA deaerator Greek HPH high pressure heater first law efficiency [-] HPT high pressure turbine effectiveness [-] IPT intermediate pressure turbine Ψ ̇ exergy rate [kW[ LHV lower heating value [kJ/kg] specific exergy [kJ/kg] LPH low pressure heater LPT low pressure turbine Subscript RH reheater d destroyed RHS right hand side e exit SG steam generator F fuel TTD terminal temperature difference [o C] 1.
BROWN Colonel, Corps of Engineers Chief of Staff CECW-EP Manual No. 1110-2-3006 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 EM 1110-2-3006 30 June 1994 Engineering and Design HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS ELECTRICAL DESIGN Table of Contents Subject Paragraph Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose 1-1 Applicability 1-2 References 1-3 Scope 1-4 Codes 1-5 Criteria 1-6 Hydroelectric Design Center 1-7 Chapter 2 Basic Switching Provisions One-Line Diagrams 2-1 Plant Scope 2-2 Unit Switching Arrangements 2-3 Substation Arrangements 2-4 Fault Current Calculations 2-5 Chapter 3 Generators General 3-1 Electrical Characteristics 3-2 Generator Neutral Grounding 3-3 Generator Surge Protection 3-4 Mechanical Characteristics 3-5 Excitation Systems 3-6 Generator Stator 3-7 Rotor and Shaft 3-8 Brakes and Jacks 3-9 Bearings 3-10 Temperature Devices 3-11 Final Acceptance Tests 3-12 Fire Suppression Systems 3-13 Chapter 4 Power Transformers General 4-1 Page 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-3 3-1 3-1 3-6 3-8 3-8 3-10 3-14 3-15 3-15 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 4-1 Subject Paragraph Rating 4-2 Cooling 4-3 Electrical Characteristics 4-4 Terminals 4-5 Accessories 4-6 Oil Containment Systems 4-7 Fire Suppression Systems 4-8 Chapter 5 High Voltage System Definition 5-1 Switchyard 5-2 Switching Scheme 5-3 Bus Structures 5-4 Switchyard Materials 5-5 Transformer Leads 5-6 Powerhouse - Switchyard Power Control and Signal Leads 5-7 Circuit Breakers 5-8 Disconnect Switches 5-9 Surge Arresters 5-10 Chapter 6 Generator-Voltage System General 6-1 Generator Leads 6-2 Neutral Grounding Equipment 6-3 Instrument Transformers 6-4 Single Unit and Small Power Plant Considerations 6-5 Excitation System Power Potential Transformer 6-6 Circuit Breakers 6-7 Chapter 7 Station Service System Power Supply 7-1 Page 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-5 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-3 5-3 5-4 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-6 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-2 6-3 6-3 6-3 7-1 EM 1110-2-3006 30 Jun 1994 Subject Paragraph Page Relays 7-2 7-3 Control and Metering Equipment ....
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www.cedengineering.com Planning and Design of Hydroelectric Power Plants Course No: S04-002 Credit: 4 PDH Gilbert Gedeon, P.E. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. P: (877) 322-5800 info@cedengineering.com Planning and Design of Hydroelectric Power Plants – S04-002 This course was adapted from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Publication No. EM 1110-2-3001, “Planning and Design of Hydroelectric Power Plant Structures", which is in the public domain. . 1-1 1-1 Applicability . . 1-2 1-1 References . 1-2 1-1 Codes . 1-4 1-1 Criteria . . 1-5 1-1 Hydroelectric Design Center . 1-6 1-1 Chapter 2 General Requirements Location of Powerhouse . . 2-1 2-1 Location of Switchyard . . 2-3 2-1 Other Site Features . 2-4 2-1 Types of Powerhouse Structures . 2-5 2-1 Selection of Type of Powerhouse . 2-6 2-2 General Arrangement of Powerhouse . 2-8 2-3 Powerhouse and Switchyard Equipment . 2-10 2-4 Chapter 3 Architectural Requirements Exterior Design . . 4-1 4-1 Design Loads .
The equivalent 65'C two-winding parts to be used in calculating the loss product factor is the 65'C self-cooled Kva two-winding parts of a transformer specified to deliver the required output Kva at an average winding tempera-. In calculating the loss product factor and loss ratio for a power transformer the following. The percent no load loss (%Fe) and the per- The evaluation S.'kw for no-load and load los-cent load loss (%Cu) may be determined from ses will affect the optimized design losses of athe final product factor IP) and the loss ratio transformer. (a) Guide Specification CE-2203 states the following: In the evaluation of Transformer Auxiliary Power, the power required for motor-driven fans and oil-circulating pumps should be evaluated on the basis that each horsepower of motor rating in excess of the number of horsepower excluded from evalua-tion is equal in value to approximately 40 percent of the capitalized value of one kW of loss used in the transformer efficiency evaluation.