The results show that the life cycle assessment of the gearbox is dominated by the manufacture process, and the reuse of components can reduce the impact around
The results show that the life cycle assessment of the gearbox is dominated by the manufacture process, and the reuse of components can reduce the impact around
# Life Cycle Assessments. "At Vestas we perform life cycle assessments (LCAs) of all our products, which evaluates the complete value-chain performance from raw material manufacture, through to operation, transport and end-of-life. ### Life Cycle Assessments of our turbines. Vestas works with Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) to develop increasingly energy-efficient products whilst mitigating the environmental impacts throughout the turbine's lifetime. Since 1999, Vestas has been developing Life Cycle Assessments of wind power to provide a ‘cradle to grave’ evaluation of the environmental impacts of Vestas’ products and activities. In a Life Cycle Assessment, a complete wind power plant is assessed up to the point of the electricity grid, including the wind turbine itself, foundation, site cabling and the transformer station. Vestas offers customers the opportunity to acquire a customised Life Cycle Assessment of their own wind power plant called Vestas SiteLCA™. The environmental performance of a wind power plant is site and layout specific and varies across the globe according to local site performance and manufacturing supply chain.
The Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of a wind turbine is generally performed over a period of 20 years, by which the largest components need
The main parts of a wind turbine are: the blades, rotor, gear box, generator, nacelle, and tower [16] . The blades are the biggest problem for utilization.
Keywords: life cycle assessment; LCA; wind turbine; wind park; environmental impact; energy payback; sustainable manufacturing; transportation; installation; maintenance; end of life. Comparative life cycle assessment of 2.0 MW wind turbines 173 Table 1 Summary of prior wind energy LCA studies by location Location Study goal Sources Compare three wind turbine models Kabir et al. Figure 5 Environmental impact of model 2 for (a) cradle-to-grave life cycle stages and (b) major components -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Manufacturing Maintenance Dismantling and recycling Environmental Impact (ReCiPe kPt) Method: ReCiPe Endpoint (H) V1.03 /World ReCiPe H/H / Single score (A) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Rotor Nacelle Tower Foundation Environmental Impact (ReCiPe kPt) FD ME NT UO AO ME WD FE TE FEU TA CCE IR PM PO HT OD CCH (B) (a) (b) Figure 6 Contribution of wind turbine components to impacts from cradle to construction Comparative life cycle assessment of 2.0 MW wind turbines 181 4 Interpretation Inventory data are critical in determining the success of an LCA study.
The results of this LCA will be used to identify the most essential environmental impact in all life phases of a. 2 MW offshore wind turbine. This project is
Nyckelord: Vindkraft, prospektiv livscykelanalys, integrerade bedömningsmodeller, grönt stål, grön betong, biobaserade material 6 List of abbreviations AB Activity Browser ADPelements Abiotic depletion potential: elements ADPfossil Abiotic depletion potential: fossil fuels AEC Array and export cables BF Blast-furnace BF-BOF Blast-furnace basic oxygen furnace BG Background BOF Blast oxygen furnace BOM Bill of materials CCA Cross-consistency analysis CCS Carbon capture and storage CO2 Carbon dioxide DRI Direct reduced iron EAF Electric arc furnace EOFP Photochemical oxidant formation potential: ecosystems EU European Union FEP Freshwater eutrophication potential FETP Freshwater ecotoxicity potential FFP Fossil fuel potential FG Foreground FU Functional unit GHG Greenhouse gas GMST Global mean surface temperatures GUI Graphical user interface GWP Global warming potential H2 Hydrogen HAWT Horizontal axis wind turbine HDR-EAF Hydrogen-direct-reduced iron electric arc furnace HDR-I Hydrogen-direct-reduced iron HOFP Photochemical oxidant formation potential: humans HTPc Human toxicity potential HTPnc Human toxicity potential IAM Integrated assessment model IC Impact category IEA International Energy Agency LCA Life cycle assessment LCI Life cycle inventory LCIA Life cycle impact assessment LOP Agricultural land occupation MEP Marine eutrophication potential METP Marine ecotoxicity potential NDC National Determined Contributions NREL US National Renewable Energy Laboratory O Oxygen ODP Ozone depletion potential OEM Original equipment manufacturer 7 OPC Ordinary Portland Cement PEM Proton-exchange-membrane PEMWE Polymer-electrolyte-membrane water electrolyser pLCA Prospective life cycle assessment pLCI Prospective life cycle inventory pLCIA Prospective life cycle impact assessment PMFP Particulate matter formation potential Premise PRospective EnvironMental Impact asSEment PV Photo-voltaic RCA Recycled coarse aggregates RCP Representative concentration pathway REMPD Renewable Energy Materials Properties Database RES Renewable energy system RF Radiative forcing RFA Recycled fine aggregates SCM Supplementary cementitious material Scrap-EAF Scrap electric arc furnace SIMPL Scenario‐based Inventory Modelling for Prospective LCA SOP Surplus ore potential SSP Socio-economic pathway TAP Terrestrial acidification potential TETP Terrestrial ecotoxicity potential WCP Water consumption potential WP Wind power WT Wind turbine 8 Acknowledgements My sincerest gratitude to my academic supervisor, Léa Braud, for the inspiring discussions and