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ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
research
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCPro.180..846J/abstract
* SciX is the evolution of ADS, bringing its powerful capabilities into new domains. ## Analysis of wind turbine Gearbox's environmental impact considering its reliability. Gearbox is one of the most important components of wind turbine and its reliability is of great concern in industry. So this study performed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of wind turbine gearbox considering its reliability, with a "cradle-to-grave" approach. To quantify the influence of wind turbine gearbox's reliability on its environmental impact and provide a more realistic and accurate result, reliability analysis was integrated into LCA model. The reliability of gearbox determines not only the required amount of gearbox to achieve its design life but also the number of components which can be reused in next gearbox, both of which affect the environmental performance. The results show that the life cycle assessment of the gearbox is dominated by the manufacture process, and the reuse of components can reduce the impact around 10%.
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link.springer.com
article
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-025-07052-8
This paper approaches in a didactic manner the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for wind turbines, starting from the definition of the purpose and limits of the LCA system, continuing with the Life Cycle Inventory—LCI, and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). The quantities of component materials of the wind farm established on the basis of the life cycle inventory (LCI) show that a percentage distribution of materials of concrete of 60%, followed by iron with 34%, a difference of 6% being of the other materials. Based on the selected Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) of the materials and the quantities of materials necessary to build the wind farm, were determined on the energy side, the Energy Intensity and Energy Pay Back Time (EPBT) and of course from the environment point, was calculate the GHG payback time and the GHG intensity, last expressed in gCO2-eq/kWh as a normalized value for 1kWh energy delivered to the grid.
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orbit.dtu.dk
article
https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/437329477/FutureWindEnergyCapacityAnalysisAndLifeC…
The bulk materials of wind turbines are structural materials such as concrete and steel, and as wind turbine capacity and size scales up, the demand for steel
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publications.tno.nl
article
https://publications.tno.nl/publication/34645360/ArVNdO51/Dighe-2025-Prospect…
The total climate change impact for DD is 6.8 g CO2-eq/kWh, while for MS, it is slightly higher at 7.1 g CO2-eq/kWh. A comparison of static LCA and pLCA highlights key differences, partic-ularly in the operational phase, where pLCA indicates lower emissions due to anticipated improvements in supply chains, such as greater use of renewable-powered refineries for vessel fuel. 3 Goal and scope definition The goal of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of two widely used drivetrain configurations for offshore wind turbines throughout their life cycle: DD and MS. EERA DeepWind Conference 2025 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3131 (2025) 012043 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/3131/1/012043 5 Array cables Offshore substation Export cables Onshore substation Scope of wind farm components Raw material extraction Manufacturing Transportation Installation O&M Replacements Decomissioning End-of-life Process Inputs System boundary Emissions to air, water and land 2025 2030 2040 2060 Figure 2: System boundary diagram for the life cycle assessment of the wind farm, illustrating the phases considered: material extraction and production, manufacturing, transportation, installation, operations and maintenance (O&M) including replacements, decommissioning, and end-of-life treatment.
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awoe.net
article
https://www.awoe.net/Wind-Turbine-Life-Cycle-Analysis.html
Most emissions are linked to manufacturing or installation and are upfront emissions, meaning that almost all emissions are released before the wind turbine produces any electricity. Accordingly, the higher the effective production of electricity once in operation, the lower the emissions per produced kWh. Selecting a favourable wind farm location is therefore simultaneously important for energy output, economic output (more power for the same investment) and environmental rating (more power for the same emissions, i.e. less emissions per produced kWh). The main contributors to the environmental impact of wind turbines are the tower (mainly made of steel) and the foundation/floatation assembly (mainly made of concrete (on-shore) or steel (off-shore)). It is used for the structure in all applications, for the foundation in near-shore wind turbines, and for the floatation device in far-shore wind turbines. As for steel, the impact of concrete is a combination of emissions to produce the raw material and the large quantity used in foundations.
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sciencedirect.com
article
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032125011025
The life cycle assessment methodology delivers a comprehensive quantitative data related to the environmental impacts associated with the various stages of its
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ourenergypolicy.org
article
https://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/turbines.pdf
Keywords: life cycle assessment; LCA; wind turbine; wind park; environmental impact; energy payback; sustainable manufacturing; transportation; installation; maintenance; end of life. Comparative life cycle assessment of 2.0 MW wind turbines 173 Table 1 Summary of prior wind energy LCA studies by location Location Study goal Sources Compare three wind turbine models Kabir et al. Figure 5 Environmental impact of model 2 for (a) cradle-to-grave life cycle stages and (b) major components -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Manufacturing Maintenance Dismantling and recycling Environmental Impact (ReCiPe kPt) Method: ReCiPe Endpoint (H) V1.03 /World ReCiPe H/H / Single score (A) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Rotor Nacelle Tower Foundation Environmental Impact (ReCiPe kPt) FD ME NT UO AO ME WD FE TE FEU TA CCE IR PM PO HT OD CCH (B) (a) (b) Figure 6 Contribution of wind turbine components to impacts from cradle to construction Comparative life cycle assessment of 2.0 MW wind turbines 181 4 Interpretation Inventory data are critical in determining the success of an LCA study.
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tethys.pnnl.gov
official
https://tethys.pnnl.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Walker-Thies-2022.pdf
A comparative 2013 study of four turbines [2] assumed glass fibre composite materials were used in each case, and assumed no recycling of blade materials at the end of life, but limited data on manufacturing methods was available and significant assumptions were made. Comparison in four impact categories of life cycle impacts of a conventional composite GFRP turbine blade manufactured using three manufacturing methods (VARTM (left), Monocoque (centre) and Heated Mould (HM) (right)), assuming incineration at end of life in all cases. 5. Conclusions The aim of this work was to consider for the first time at this level of detail the net environmental impact of a range of materials for tidal stream turbine blades, whilst also considering practical trade-offs in other parts of a tidal energy device, in order to determine the blade material and , manufacturing method and end-of-life treatment combi-nation likely to have the lowest environmental impact.