This document discusses the design considerations for micro-hydroelectric power plants. It covers topics like flow duration curves, flow rate measurement
1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org A project of the National Center for Appropriate Technology By Leif Kindberg NCAT Energy Specialist Published February 2011 © NCAT IP383 Contents Micro-Hydro Power: A Beginners Guide to Design and Installation Introduction ......................1 Determining the Hydro Potential of Your Site .........................2 Environmental Impact .................................9 Regulatory Issues ..........11 Equipment ...................... Micro-hydro systems generally consist of the following components: • A trash rack, weir, and forebay to pre-vent debris from entering the pipeline and turbine • A pipeline (also called a penstock) to pipe water to the turbine • A powerhouse that contains the turbine and electronics • A water turbine that converts the kinetic energy of the fl owing water into mechanical energy that can be used directly or to drive a generator or other piece of equipment—this is the main component of a micro-hydro system • A tailrace to release the water back into the source it came from • Transmission lines to deliver electrical power where it is needed Th is publication is intended to include as much information as necessary to get you started in the process and to assist you generally at each step along the way of a micro-hydro project.
Guideline and Manual for Hydropower Development Vol. 2 Small Scale Hydropower March 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. JP Design Co., Ltd. IDD JR 11-020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1 Introduction on Small Scale Hydropower for Rural Electrification Chapter 1 Significance of Small Scale Hydropower Development ..................................... 2-1 Chapter 3 Outline of Hydropower Generation ..................................................................... 3-1 Chapter 4 Rural Electrification Project by Small-Scale Hydropower ................................. 4-1 Part 2 Designation of the Area of Electrification Chapter 5 Selection of the Area of Electrification and Finding of the Site .......................... 6-1 Chapter 7 Technical Survey ................................................................................................. 7-1 Chapter 8 Generation Plan ................................................................................................... 16-1 Part 1 Introduction on Small Scale Hydropower for Rural Electrification TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Significance of Small Scale Hydropower Development ................................. 3-1 3.1 Energy of Hydropower ............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Hydro Power Generation .................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 Electric Power Output ....................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Energy Generation ............................................................................................ 4-3 4.1.2 Basic Plan Survey Stage ...................................................................................
The information contained in this report regarding commercial products or firms may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes and is not to be construed as an endorsement of any product or firm by the Bureau of Reclamation PREFACE The Hydrogenerator Design Manual has been prepared to provide information needed by design engineers to properly select and specify hydrogenerator requirements. The manual is intended to be used primarily by Bureau of Reclamation engineers responsible for application design, specifications preparation, and technical review for hydrogenerators. Green, Head-Plant Equipment Section of the Electrical Branch in the Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Division at the Bureau of Reclamation's Denver Office ~ ~ ~~, Many people assisted in developing this manual.
Induction motor and gearbox used as alternator Gearbox In-line coupling Turbine runner Figure 41 Direct coupled turbine and geared motor used as an alternator (Source: Practical Action) 10.6 Turbine rotor mounted on generator shaft Some of the important points to this system are: • The turbine and generator speed match • There has to be clearance between turbine and generator to avoid water splash interference • The bearings should be able to tolerate the side load of the turbine • Alternatively, a geared motor unit may be used as an alternator 57 | Micro Hydropower System Design Guidelines Worked Example 20 An alternator rated at 50kW output, 1500 rpm and 70% efficiency is to be driven by a turbine running at 450rpm.
The equivalent 65'C two-winding parts to be used in calculating the loss product factor is the 65'C self-cooled Kva two-winding parts of a transformer specified to deliver the required output Kva at an average winding tempera-. In calculating the loss product factor and loss ratio for a power transformer the following. The percent no load loss (%Fe) and the per- The evaluation S.'kw for no-load and load los-cent load loss (%Cu) may be determined from ses will affect the optimized design losses of athe final product factor IP) and the loss ratio transformer. (a) Guide Specification CE-2203 states the following: In the evaluation of Transformer Auxiliary Power, the power required for motor-driven fans and oil-circulating pumps should be evaluated on the basis that each horsepower of motor rating in excess of the number of horsepower excluded from evalua-tion is equal in value to approximately 40 percent of the capitalized value of one kW of loss used in the transformer efficiency evaluation.
4 Guide on How to Develop a Small Hydropower Plant ESHA 2004 Figure 1-3 Low head scheme integrated in the dam 1.3.2 Schemes with the powerhouse at the base of a dam A small hydropower scheme cannot afford a large reservoir to operate the plant when it is most convenient, the cost of a relatively large dam and its hydraulic appurtenances would be too high to make it economically viable. 5 Guide on How to Develop a Small Hydropower Plant ESHA 2004 Figure 1-4 Low head scheme using an existing dam Provided the dam is not too high, a siphon intake can be installed.
// IDO-10107-VoI.1 (DE83006697) HAN BOOK u.s. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office DISCLAIMER "This book was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof." This report has been printed directly from copy supplied by the originating organization. N. Rinehart, EG&G Idaho Published January 1983 EG&G Idaho, Inc. Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office under DOE Contract No. DE-AC07-76ID01570 Published by the Technical Information Center U.S. Department of Energy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contribution to this handbook: A. 1-1 1.1 Purpose 1-3 1. 1-5 1.4 Organization of the Handbook ............................... 2-2 2.2 Head 2-4 2.3 Flow 2-6 2.4 Ki lowatt ................................................... 3-8 3.2.1 Manmade Sites ...................................... 3-8 3.2.2 Run-of-the-Stream Sites ............................ 4.4-30 4.4.2.5.4 Width of the trashrack ....... 4.5-1 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 Locating the Penstock .............................. 4.5-1 4.5-3 4.5-3 4.5-6 4.5.4.1 4.5.4.2 4.5.4.3 Selecting pipe diameter ..................